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#21 Western European influence on the residential architecture in China at the end of the 19th – the first half of the 20th centuries (case study of Guangdong Province)

Abstract: The active phase of the development of eclecticism at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries significantly changed the Chinese settlements’ appearance, in particular in the Guangdong province, which, due to its special geopolitical position, is an outpost for the development of the European presence. Determination of the influence of [...] Load More European and national architecture on the formation of residential and public buildings in China of this period is at the initial stage of development. The reserach purpose is to identify the features of the formation of the eclectic architecture of residential buildings in China in the late 19th – early 20th centuries in the Guangdong province. In the study, literary, digital, cartographic, photo and video sources were studied and analyzed; expeditions to China and Southeast Asia were organized. At the same time, the method of observation and study of the source base was widely used. The descriptive method was applied to describe the compositional and stylistic features, planning solutions, urban planning situation of the objects under consideration. The comparison method allowed comparing the studied buildings with the samples of national architecture and European settlements’ architecture of the late 19th – first half of the 20th century. The historical-geographical analysis was carried out; the hypothetical-deductive method was used alongside with the method of graphic modeling and mapping. The periodization of the development of the Chinese-Western regional architecture and the principles of its distribution and correlation with the level of Europeanization were proposed; an extended typological classification of the main types of eclectic architecture in the region was developed. Based on the data obtained, the transformation of both Western and traditional architectural elements in the course of the development of eclectic architecture was analyzed, considering the peculiarities of the perception of semantics by the local population. The levels of such a transformation of Western techniques and elements and the degree of their integration in each of them were singled out. The prototypes of Sino-Western architecture were identified and systematized; the periodization of the development of the eclectic residential architecture in the Guangdong Province was described for the first time; the phases and system of the spread of eclecticism were considered; for the first time, a typology of Sino-Western architecture of residential buildings in the Guangdong Province was developed and the manifestation of European influence in the Guangdong Province was analyzed at the levels of urban planning, space-planning solutions, and decorative elements; the principles of transformation and synthesis of traditional and borrowed elements in the architecture of residential buildings in the province were revealed; a number of historical types of Chinese residential buildings, scientific terms, and a new block of foreign published sources were introduced into scientific discourse.
Keywords: architecture; residential buildings; West; China; Guangdong Province.
Date of publication: March 2024 / Deadline: 25 October 2023

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Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Architecture.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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Building and Construction

#31-bild The calculation of the subgrade on the shift in empirical plasticity condition

Abstract: With the tendency to enhance the life service of the road concrete and the design need structures for the very heavy vehicles and heavy traffic, it’s essential to substitute the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity state with the additional standard in the higher peripheral stresses. Also, an analysis of the contemporary normative calculation for the fleece resistance [...] Load More presented that the peripheral stresses from the temporary load and the individual weight of the pavement layers located on the top of the layer under consideration are designed for the areas rotated the key axes at the different angels. This article examines Drucker's malleability conditions – Prager, Mohr-Coulomb, Lade – Dun-can, Matsuoka –Nakai and the empirical criterion G.K. Arnold. It is presented that for the facts belonging to the symmetry axis of the load in which there is a state of stress which is categorized by the main stresses 1> (2=3), the outcome of scheming the tangential stresses by the logical plasticity standards and the Mohr-Coulomb are identical conditions. Therefore G.K Arnold empirical criteria is considered as a variable of the substituting the Mohr-Coulomb condition. It is developed that the peripheral stresses, calculated by these criteria, have greater values than the stresses determined by the generally acknowledged plasticity criteria. The difference between the tangential stresses' calculation results enhances with the collective angle of the internal rubbing. A novel calculation scheme is projected, consisted the fact that the pressure transferred by the pavement layers to the soil surface check by the shear resistance as it’s calculated first and then the tangential stresses are calculated in the tested subgrade are calculated. It is presented that, in this case, the most unsafe point at which the biggest tangential stress happens is located at some distance from the surface, which is half tested. The space of the empirical criterion is established.
Keywords: Mohr-Coulomb criterion, stress, soil shear calculation, subgrade, plasticity condition.
Date of publication: December 2023 / Deadline: 10 October 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q3).

Scientific field: Engineering.

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Architecture

#29-bild Building Envelopes’ Comparative Assessment throughout the Building Life Cycle

Abstract: The significance of the different ways to improve building energy efficiency is enhancing in the industry of construction. The most important step to solve this problem is to plan the thermal insulation walling structure with the most environmental and thermal characteristics. The authors have considered the walling structure characterized by the environmental [...] Load More requirements and high technical parameters. A proportional analysis of the walls' enclosure structures is provided, based on which the most well-organized wall building is derived. The six main options for the analysis for the building construction were considered.: foam block, brick, wooden frame, laminated veneer lumber, light steel thin-walled structures, straw blocks, wooden frame and their thermal insulation properties and all the necessary features were presented. This study was carried out on the calculation basis of the equation of the heat by utilizing the ANSYS Fluent package (ICEM CG+FD package) were used as well. The analysis result presented that the enfolding structure of walls made up of the light steel thin-walled construction with the lightness, insulation, better compactness shows greater thermal safety properties than the other enfolding structures.
Keywords: thermal insulation, Thermal energy, the energy efficiency of buildings, building life cycle, Building envelope, Energy saving, Thermomechanical indicators.
Date of publication: December 2023 / Deadline: 10 October 2023

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Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q3).

Scientific field: Engineering.

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#28-bild Behaviour of the Large-Span Frames Metal Domes in their Installation Process

Abstract: Goal. This paper aims to describe the forming process of making the large span frames metal domes during the assembly process. The load-bearing mechanical systems during the frames assembly differ from those accepted for their design and analysis. Thus, the early internal forces appear in the systematic fundamentals of the frameworks that are known [...] Load More as “assembly forces”. The symmetrical schemes of the principles and the dome frameworks are defined for the ribbed domes with the lattice domes and annular rings. It is presented how lattice dome frameworks are moulded and why they are considered as three-dimensional bar systems. Specific characteristics of the systematic solutions for single-layer and double-layer frameworks are defined. It is well known that the technological arrangement for the structures assembly of long-time metal domes depends on the mechanical schemes of frameworks and on the approaches of their erection. A brief report description is provided for different methods for initiating frameworks of large-span metal domes and the quantity of and mechanisms and temporary supports used in this process. Review. Different ways of the erection are demonstrated with the illustrations of the different well-known structures of the dome constructed in the world. The assessment of the influence of each procedure on the structure’s behaviour during the given installation. The work’s nature of individual structure and a frame is defined for the erection of the large span metal domes. The stress was made on the crucial differences in the work’s nature of the work’s structural system of the dome frameworks with their installations' different methods. Research. The lattice metal domes of the computer models are made up of Steel I-bars with the joints' inflexible connections. The added models were formed for unfinished frameworks to study substitute traditions of erection. For the individual assembly model of the dome framework, a computer examination was executed to achieve its self-weight. Stresses in the mechanical members, achieved as an outcome of the analysis, were linked with the corresponding stresses element of the framework's model design under the self-weight. Conclusions. The conclusion states that the elements of framework stresses of the large-span metal domes are inescapable when they are erected. The necessity of the required analysis of the framework erection of the conditions in the large span metal domes design was noted.
Keywords: metal frameworks, large-span domes, structural systems, design solutions, geometric schemes of domes, assembly of structures, methods of erection, computer model, element stresses.
Date of publication: March 2024 / Deadline: 25 October 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2-3).

Scientific field: Engineering.

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#27-bild Hybrid wind solar seaward powerplants

Abstract: The study analyses the unpredictability of the power productivity from renewable energy foundations and finds possible solutions—the benefits of developing hybrid power plant in particular. The main engineering conclusions in emerging wind-PV power plants are studied. It was revealed that numerous samples mounting PV arrays on expectable wind rotors [...] Load More is barely operative due to indispensable motives. The large-scale wind off shore graphic representation consuming power plant while having the perpendicular axis turbine is briefly well-defined. The PV arrays mounting on the highest surface ring of this turbine looks alike a capable solution. It’s rewarding, e.g., the PV cells' better energy competence due to improved heat movement from their exteriors are obtained presented. Two conformations of rising PV modules upon the wind rotor, consistent joining diagrams, and the present gatherer unit are labelled. The hybrid power of the workflow is clarified. The simple structured topographies of hybrid wind-PV plant are derivative in the early designs. Their significances harvest 19,300 MWh of annual power result from the wind turbine a 572 MWh of the annual output energy form the joint PV cells group on the top of wind turbine. It is disclosed that PV cells bring the adequate energy to the power system of the blade revolt and all the different self needs, so the need of the expensive volume electric accumulators are falling. The subject is the new kind of hybrid solar wind power plants and their energy power efficacy resources and the ways. Novel Hybrid solar wind power plants and their efficient energy material and methods: The study has methodological and theoretical fundamentals in the Russian and scientist abroad in the renewable energy area. The research methods used are analytic. This study includes incident models of the solar incident radiation invented by Clacher and Hey and the Veibull delivery for the probability of calculating the velocity of the wind. Problematic instable power productivity from renewable energy bases was examined. It was revealed that establishing hybrid power plants in specific wind-PV plants is an effective and real answer. Combining a PV plant with conventional wind plants does not give a required positive effect due to some reasons. The marine unit of the wind energy with the lengthy upper ring surface was unhurried. The upper ring surface was considered an alternative design. This exterior fits the PV cells of the Mount. The preliminary results in calculations of the Hybrid seaward's energy parameters of the wind-PV power plant demonstrate that if the wind diameter turbine is 200 M, then its yearly energy output is 19,300 MWh. Simultaneously, the PV cells mounted on the tops of the turbine offer 572 MWh annually. Conclusion: Renewable energy sources are unstable, which is a serious problem having a powerful influence on the cost of energy. The problem can be alleviated fundamentally through using of hybrid power plants, particularly wind-PV plants. But, the hybridization with the traditional types of wind turbines doesn’t offer an important synergy. The mounting PV modules are on the top ring of the large-scale wind power unit looks like a promising solution. It is beneficial since the PV cells' power efficacy is enhanced due to the better heath flow given by the cells. Although the PV cells offered only is about 3% of the entire power capacity, it is sufficient to power drives the rotation of the blade as well as all other needs of the wind power plant.
Keywords: wind energy, solar-wind power plant, energy resources, offshore power plant, renewable energy, hybrid plant, photovoltaic.
Date of publication: March 2024 / Deadline: 25 October 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

Scientific field: Engineering.

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#25-bild Beam-Column Modeling Using a Micropolar Model

Abstract: The article presents the author's development of an effective micropolar model, which permits defining the non-linear procedure of the concrete slackening in the post-peak zone by unravelling the relative distortions into the linear and plastic parts and from the computation on individual plan of the micro plane. Such prototypical numerical samples [...] Load More were examined and compared with the results of the testing experiments that were happened recently. Also, the results were compared with a prolonged Drucker-Prager material model. All the arithmetical examples were demonstrated in the ANSYS APDL atmosphere. After performing the calculations, the consequences were gotten for ascending and descending loads. The variable alterations were gained for the load up and load down. We also compared the load-dislocation arches of the present model and past studies (stimulation and experiment with SOLID65) for the upward and downward loads, correspondingly. Lastly, the features load values and maximum ricochets for the numerous modelling bases were provided to load up and load down.
Keywords: finite element method, micro-plans, micropolar theory the deformation of the concrete, sustainability, micro-fractures, modelling.
Date of publication: March 2024 / Deadline: 25 October 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Engineering.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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#24-bild Qualitative Assessment of the Historical Buildings’ Repair Cost Using the Automated Monitoring System

Abstract: There are a large number of buildings in need of repair and restoration up till now. The high price for these types of work leads to the solution’s search to use the structural health monitoring (SHM) structure and decrease the fund's cost. To cater to this reason, an effort was made to observationally measure the potential for decreasing the repair [...] Load More costs when using the automated SHM system. The materials of a building inspections project and the predictable cost of mending the facades of the sixty historical buildings in the city were used for the examination. Based on the photographic images' defective cartograms, the most likely incidence of the defects is determined for all the alike buildings. The core indicators were received that regulates the damage appearance and their development. These indicators include temperature changes, movements, humidity and pollutions. A simple development scheme and damage relationship are based on the four key indicators compiled. Based on the required monitoring parameters and characteristics areas, the cost reduction principles were defined. If the characteristics areas and the obligatory monitoring parameters, the altitude of decreasing the monitoring systems' cost was defined. Based on the data distribution throughout the repairs, the potential saving amount in the automated SHM systems has been revealed.
Keywords: BIM model, structural health monitoring, energy model, masonry walls, plaster destruction, plaster destruction, biodegradation, automated monitoring, historic buildings.
Date of publication: March 2024 / Deadline: 25 October 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Engineering.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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Building and Construction

#23-bild Building Inspection of Structures and Building Using the Photogrammetry and Multicopters

Abstract: This article shows the way of visual inspection, construction, and control of buildings by means of the midair photograph from the un-crewed aerial vehicle. The continuous improvement of the photogrammetric processing programs offers huge possibilities for this method and lets it apply in numerous ways. This study aims to show the applicability of the [...] Load More photogrammetry method in building survey and structures, in addition to the construction control. Formation of the virtual three dimensional and aerial photograph of structures and building discovers the application in most construction, reconstruction, and repair stages. The building flight and shooting from the air allow examining the unreachable sites and systemizing the completed shooting material. It offers new opportunities to identify the damages and defects. Also, consistent periodical shooting of construction can be beneficial for the building's long monitoring condition. The practical output of using this method of construction proposed in this study making it possible to say that photogrammetric permits to obtain suitable results as for the building measurement with high accuracy and check for the construction work. The measurement technique is contemporary and applicable in the construction sphere and likewise qualitatively enlarges specialist's arsenal in the supervision and inspection of the construction.
Keywords: photogrammetry, orthophoto, facades, building inspection, quadcopter measuring works, aerial surveying.
Date of publication: March 2024 / Deadline: 25 October 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Engineering.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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Architecture

#22-bild Containments of Reactor Buildings and their Prestress Losses

Abstract: The Reactor Building is the crucial part of the nuclear power plant. Therefore, the safety of the reactor building and its precise modelling is based on the harmless operations of the nuclear power plant. The most used type of reactor building construction is based on the colossal reinforced concrete's dual shell. The internal protective shell is completed [...] Load More prestressed. In this work progression, numerous foreign standards were analyzed, and a compilation of the measured values and theoretical was performed. This study aims to determine the ways for examining the prestress losses that offers the closest and conservative values to the full-scale test. In this research, the designs of the changes in the mechanical and physical properties of concrete over time with substantial compressive forces, which are extensively presented in research papers and books, were used. On their account, numerous foreign standards were examined, including those studied in this article, such as AFCEN ENC-C 2010, ACI 209R-92 and EN 1992-1-1. As the result of a calculation, a numerical trend line was built using the smallest squares method, reflecting the further predictable losses of the pre-voltage. It is clear from the graphs that the theoretical losses and lines of measured are parallel, and the inconsistencies are no more than 5%. This error is satisfactory for the engineering calculations.
Keywords: shrinkage, creep, prestress, containment.
Date of publication: March 2024 / Deadline: 25 October 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Engineering.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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#21-bild Cold-bonded Fly Ash Aggregate as a Stiff Aggregate of Concrete

Abstract: In this paper, brief research of fly ash of light aggregate combined with the aggregate gained from the ashes of fly the coal-fired thermal energy plants. The study's core purpose is to determine the consequence of non-fired ash gravel on the practicability and the other technical parameters of the mixture of concrete and the concrete characteristics [...] Load More to progress the recommendations for aggregating their implementation. This study examines the cold-bonded fly ash aggregate by the thermal power energy. The paper experimentally investigates the water absorption, bulk density, confrontation to the bulk crushing and resistance to the thawing and freezing. The technique of determining the condensation strength of the aggregate in the cylinder parallels the method of defining the compressive strength in the cylinder according to the Annex C of the standards of European EN 13055; 2016 Known as “Lightweight aggregates” This exploratory study presents that the water absorption of the coarse aggregate extends 6.1 % whereas, a cylinder compressive workability of aggregate accounts for the 6.2 Mpa. The gained features show that the examined aggregates can be efficiently used in the structural concrete, which is lightweight.
Keywords: fly ash aggregate, sintered fly ash aggregate, cold banded fly ash aggregate, granulated fly ash, pelletized fly ash, cement, concrete.
Date of publication: December 2023 / Deadline: 10 October 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q3).

Scientific field: Engineering.

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