Medicine

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Biology

#14-bio Hydrochemical indicators of drinking water as a threat for morbidity rates for the population

Abstract: The maintenance and increase of safe drinking water supply, hygiene and sanitation, and proper water management are fundamental to human health in all countries and regions of the world. Efforts to improve the chemical composition of drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene interact with each other and actively contribute to the health and public well-being. [...] Load More Because of the topic urgency, the purpose of the study was to justify the maximum permissible limit of component mineral composition of drinking water as an impact factor on the general health status of the population. The object of research has been chosen because the population of this region uses an artesian water supply for more than 30 years. As a result, the hardness level of drinking water permanently increases in comparison with surface water sources. In the framework of this study, using the method of comparative analysis of standards of water quality hydrochemical indicators and level of pollution (specified in sanitary and epidemiological rules), the pollution level and quality of artesian water supply has been justified. Supplied water by its properties (mineralization and ionic composition) meets sanitary standards for drinking water; however, it does not fully meet the optimal physiological parameters due to the reduction of some chemical elements necessary for the body and because of the concentration level of toxic chemicals. With the use of the correlation analysis method, a direct proportion between the disease incidence among the adult population and the level of chemical elements contained in drinking water of artesian well drinking-water supply has been justified. Gradation of disease incidence levels among the adult population of the region to "high level of intensity" and "low level of intensity" depending on maximum permissible regulated norms of concentration of chemical elements in drinking water has been implemented. Quantitative standards of hydrochemical indicators of drinking water quality based on the concentration level of toxic and essential chemical elements were substantiated and recommended. The obtained research results are practical and can be used by sanitary services to improve standards of drinking water quality assessment as well as design, construction, operation of water supply systems, and provision of drinking water to the population.
Keywords: water supply, hydrochemical indicators, drinking water, health, chemical element.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Agricultural, Biological Sciences, Environmental Science, Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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#13-med Features of interaction between elemental homeostasis and the level of human physical activity

Abstract: The problem of homeostasis, despite a large number of homeostatic agents, is still extremely urgent. It is difficult to overestimate the role of the self-regulating system of homeostasis in maintaining the normal functioning of such human systems as immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, etc. Regular physical activity as a stress simulation stimulates [...] Load More the adaptive response of the human body and aims to maintain homeostasis of the whole organism. The purpose of the paper was a comprehensive study of the impact of the relationship between physiological mechanisms of homeostasis and motor activity on the content of micro- and macronutrients in the human body. The qualitative characteristics between elemental homeostasis and the level of human physical activity have been analyzed using the deductive analysis method based on literature sources. It has been found that the consumption of microelements increases with increasing energy consumption. Thus, physically very active people consume more micronutrients than untrained ones. However, the revealed characteristics of the relationship are contradictory, and there is no possibility of quantitative estimates of microelement consumption. Thus, micronutrient requirements among moderately active people are unlikely to be much higher than the levels recommended for the general population. On the basis of the method of analysis and synthesis, the peculiarities of the status of micronutrients for health and functional performance among physically active people, athletes, and those who lead an inactive life, have been revealed. It has been revealed that moderate physical activity does not necessarily affect the daily consumption of microelements. Metabolic peculiarities of the human organism during the longtime physical activity, moderate motor activity, and in conditions of sedentary behavior have been generalized. The features of influencing physical activity and the general state of the human body in the process of accumulation and change of the status of essential and toxic microelements in the human body have been revealed. The main characteristics of their impact on human functional performance depending on the levels of physical activity have been analyzed. The immunological balance of priority microelements in the metabolic correction in the human body in conditions of an active lifestyle and significant physical activity has been generalized. The obtained results of this study are aimed at strengthening knowledge about elemental homeostasis and metabolic networks to offer dietary guidance on metabolism and the communicative role of different products in conditions of various levels of human physical activity.
Keywords: elemental homeostasis, physical activity, micronutrients, essential microelements, toxic microelements, metabolism.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine, Biology.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

 

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Medicine

#5-med Enhancing diagnostics of immunogenic mismatch in the process of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract: Transplantation of hematopoiesis precursor cells is a rapidly developing technology and a key to the treatment of hematologic malignancies and other hematological diseases. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is still a complicated procedure. The reason is that the genes encoding the main histocompatibility complex (MHC) are highly polymorphic, [...] Load More and compatibility of donor and recipient by MHC alleles is critical for alloreactivity against malignant clones. However, often in the course of the post-transplantation immune response, healthy tissues of the patient are also affected. Both of these effects have the same nature and depend on the compatibility of the donor and recipient using the main histocompatibility complex. The purpose of this research was to develop a methodological approach to determine the risk of genotyping of polymorphisms and the probability of predicting immunogenic mismatch in the process of HSC transplantation (HSCT). For the statistical analysis, two samples have been formed of potential donors of HSC register and recipients and donors of HSC, who, after filtration, did not have a genotyped pair (365 persons), and donor-recipient pairs (79 persons), for which the allele frequencies have been calculated. With the use of the Fischer's Exact test, the statistical significance of interrelationships between the variable characterizing the allele frequencies of minor lymphocyte stimulatory genes for the population and the allele frequencies corresponding to the five superpopulations from the 1000 Genomes Project has been assessed: European, American, East Asian, African, and South Asian. The Monte Carlo method has been used to calculate the immunogenicity coefficient (the probability that in a donor-recipient pair from the same population, a recipient has at least one immunogenic allele, and the donor must be homozygous for the non-immunogenic allele). In the use of the Monte Carlo method, 100 thousand simulations of related and unrelated allo-HSCT have been performed. Thus, the Monte Carlo method made it possible to calculate the immunogenicity coefficient as the probabilistic characteristic of the process under study based on the generated random values described by the mathematical model. For the implementation of the method, a program has been written using RStudio 1.0.143 software and R 3.5.1 programming language. Fisher's criterion and the Student's t-test were used for the comparison of the number of immunogenic mismatches in real donor and recipient pairs. The results obtained have an applied character and will be useful for the formation of registers of bone marrow donors, as well as for the determination of targets in the immunosuppressive therapy and cell-based therapy.
Keywords: hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells, transplantation, histocompatibility, alloreactivity, donor, recipient.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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Biology

#1-med Peculiarities of the physiological activity of obestatin in the body's vital activity

Abstract: The problem of metabolic syndrome in the modern world has turned into a global epidemic, affecting millions of people. It poses a threat to public health due to the risk of related diseases and pathologies. At the same time, the issue of finding effective treatment methods, especially obesity, remains open. The purpose of this research was to substantiate [...] Load More the biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of obestatin action for the body's vital activity in the norm and pathology. The basis for identifying the peculiarities was the research that demonstrated the pathogenetic connection and frequent combination of food behavior disorders, essential hypertension, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism disorders caused by the pathology of the ghrelin-obestatin system. The article analyzes various causes and features of gastrointestinal diseases (diseases of the GI tract). The factors of eating disorder and modern methods of its regulation through endogenous regulators of appetite and body weight have been summarized. Through the inductive generalization method, the peculiarities of ghrelin and obestatin ratio in pathological obesity and among healthy people have been argued. The characteristics of the physiological activity of food hormones in adipogenesis have been generalized. It has been substantiated that obestatin is, as well as ghrelin, regulating hormone in adipocyte metabolism and the transition of pre-adipocytes to adipocytes. Besides, it determines the activity of adipogenesis to a greater degree. This fact suggests that the correct regulation of the obestatin level can accelerate the process of correction of pathologies of the GI tract. Through a literature review, the interaction between body mass index, blood glucose, insulin, and leptin levels and the content of obestatin in the blood has been assessed. The role of obestatin in nutrition regulation has been substantiated. The research also revealed the peculiarities of anorexigenic effects of obestatin, which primarily imply the central action mechanisms, based on the analysis of the modern scientific literature. Its ability to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was also considered, which made it possible to conclude about the ambiguity of the passage mechanisms. Based on the above study, it has been revealed that the data on the central effects of obestatin in the norm and pathology, as well as the assessment of its possible application in clinical practice, are very fragmentary and contradictory. The revealed problems can serve as a basis for the determination of promising scientific research in the field of hormone therapy of cardiometabolic syndrome.
Keywords: cardiometabolic syndrome, obestatin, gastrointestinal tract, pathology, ghrelin, food behavior.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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