#25-psy Meaningful Life Tasks in the Context of the Development of Personal Characteristics
Abstract:
Today, the process of socialization is accompanied by an instability of personal values and an uncertainty about life’s meaning and purpose. The problem of overcoming this psychological contradiction, against the need, possibility and necessity to live a meaningful life, is becoming increasingly important in the context of personal and social development.
[...] Load More Therefore, researching psychological indicators of personal development is of special interest in this study.
The aim of the paper is to empirically prove the interaction between personal identity and the ability to accomplish meaningful life tasks, based on a method of apperception. Characteristics of crucial life tasks, as well as contradictions affecting personality formation through socialization, were identified, and parameters around personality development and forms of meaningful life experiences were established. Analysis of these specifications helped clarify the definition of a meaningful life-state through a systematic framework of the subjective properties of personality development through socialization. Questionnaire methods, and psychodiagnostic techniques to ascertain personality characteristics, formed a sample of indices for empirical evaluation. This was to identify any correlation between a person's psychological state and their ability to perform meaningful life tasks. A representative sample of respondents included 142 women and 98 men aged 20–55 years.
The authors of the study used the survey’s results to determine empirically qualitative parameters and patterns in the interaction of personal identity and efficacy to accomplish meaningful life tasks. Using a multifactor hierarchical regression model, the regularities and subordinations between personality development against the processes of acceptance, deviation and effectiveness in realizing a meaningful life were substantiated. The correspondence between a meaningful life and the presence and development of personal qualities was determined by the one-factor analysis of variance. The results can be applied practically as a part of the preventive, diagnostic, and rehabilitation practices of psychologists in various spheres.
Keywords: personality, life-meaning tasks, personal identity, socialization, life-meaning state, development
Date of publication: Summer 2023 / Deadline: 31 March 2023
Journal title: available for those who has paid.
Region of the journal publication: Europe.
Scientific field: Social Sciences, Psychology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences.
Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q(2-3); WoS (Emerging Sources Citation Index).
#24-psy Prospects for the application of autobiographical data analysis in the study of personal life choices
Abstract:
In human life, choice is a multidimensional psychological phenomenon. For many years, both national and foreign psychologists have devoted their works to the empirical study of choice. However, this concept continues to remain understudied, which is confirmed by the small number of extant empirical studies on choice and certain contradictions in terms
[...] Load More of the approaches to its study. This paper aims to conceptually substantiate the prospects for the practical feasibility of analyzing autobiographical data while studying an individual’s life choices. The main research method adopted was the semi-structured interview, as it allows the creation of a more comfortable interviewing environment by providing the respondents with an opportunity to define, on their own, the situations that required them to make “life choices”; additionally, it facilitated a sufficiently profound reflection. In total, 44 respondents of different age groups, places of residence, professions, levels of education, and family status participated in the survey. The interview included 5–15 questions, which asked for a description of the situations in which the life choices were made and to determine their number, indicate significant moments in life, identify the peculiarities of these situations, etc. Thus, autobiographical data were obtained from the respondents relating to the situations demanding life choices and their impact on the life of the individual. The methods of frequency analysis and content analysis helped to empirically determine the following: (1) episodes of life choices (on average, 3 episodes); (2) age of the person while making a choice (26–45 years old for a majority of the respondents). Using the method of generalization, the authors of the paper systematized approaches to divide life episodes into “situations” and “storylines” as well as by life spheres (family, relationships, profession, place of life, finances, etc.). The content analysis method made it possible to determine the criteria for the respondents’ choice of episodes, as well as to form the patterns of the choices. As a result of the study different approaches to the representation and use of the set of autobiographical data concerning life choices in psychotherapy were grounded. The presented approach to data analysis allowed designating criteria and principles of selection of life choice episodes, to develop variants of categorization of the designated indicators, and to determine quantitative indicators characterizing and supplementing election patterns. The results received can be useful for psychotherapists, while also serve as a basis for refining the theoretical foundations of the problem of choice in a person’s life.
Keywords: life choice, interview, content-analysis, autobiographical data analysis, life situations
Date of publication: Summer 2023 / Deadline: 31 March 2023
Journal title: available for those who has paid.
Region of the journal publication: Europe.
Scientific field: Social Sciences, Psychology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences.
Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q(2-3); WoS (Emerging Sources Citation Index).
#23-psy Personal response to ego threats depends on the type of self-esteem.
Abstract:
The relevance of this study is supported by the debate among scientists on the nature of the personal response to an ego-threatening situation, as well as its possible dependence on the type of self-esteem. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and nature of participants’ responses to the situational ego threat depending on their type
[...] Load More of self-esteem. This pedagogical experiment involved 231 university participants randomly selected from different departments and courses to ensure it was a representative sample. The experiment was conducted in three stages: (1) initial questioning, (2) the experiment itself, and (3) final questioning. The initial questionnaire was designed to determine the type of self-esteem, and the relationship between the personality and self-esteem, using a modified Mruk’s two-factor model of self-esteem, Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, Schwarzer and Jerusalem’s generalized self-efficacy scale, and Crocker's scale. The experiment itself was implemented in the format of group tasks, followed by an anonymous mutual evaluation of the level of openness, sociability, creativity, and external attractiveness. In order to determine the participants’ responses to the situational ego threat in the form of negative feedback, deterministic evaluations were artificially lowered without informing the participants. The final questionnaire involved redetermining the type of self-esteem and assessing the participants’ responses to negative feedback using the questionnaire. SPSS 14.0 software processed the statistical analysis of the questionnaire results. The outcomes of the experiment confirmed the damaging influence of negative feedback on the participants’ self-esteem, and the connection between the type of self-esteem and the sensitivity of the response to an ego threat. The highest level of sensitivity to negative feedback was indicated among participants with a positive type of self-esteem, which manifested itself in a high level of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Participants with a moderate and defensive type of self-esteem were characterized by a lower level of sensitivity. The study approach to determine the type of self-esteem, the assessment of the individual’s response to ego threats, and identifying the relationship between them, can improve the methodology of future studies on self-esteem and its manifestation under the destructive influence of the external environment and social evaluations.
Keywords: self-esteem, self-respect, self-efficacy, ego threat, response, sensitivity, experiment, questionnaire
Date of publication: Summer 2023 / Deadline: 31 March 2023
Journal title: available for those who has paid.
Region of the journal publication: Europe.
Scientific field: Social Sciences, Psychology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences.
Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q(2-3); WoS (Emerging Sources Citation Index).
#26-bio An econometric model for determining Pacific salmon stocks off the East Coast of the Sea of Okhotsk
Abstract:
Pacific salmons are objects of paramount importance for the development of the fisheries industry economy. Therefore, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of salmon fishing and correct priorities in the development of salmon management regimes for the region. The purpose of this study was to develop an econometric model of reproduction and
[...] Load More the determination of target biological reference points for effective management of the base stocks of the genus Oncorhynchus Pacific salmons in the Sea of Okhotsk. The statistical data sample was based on the average annual share of spawning in each of the rivers in 1998-2008. With the use of the extrapolation method, statistical data on the number of Sockeye Salmon, Chum, Coho, Pink Salmon, and Chinook Salmon reproduction have been determined. The proportions of spawners and descendants for each Pacific salmon species separately and each major spawning river of the region under investigation have been determined and analyzed. Changes in the structure of river salmon fishing and the efficiency of the passage at different fishing regimes have been analyzed. The percentage of spawners and descendants of Pacific salmon by rivers has been analyzed, and temporary clusters have been formed for the reproduction level and each type of salmon species under investigation. For each cluster, a resonance model of recruitment dependence on parental stock for Sockeye, Chum, Coho, and Pink Salmon has been built. Based on the models built, the boundary (the level of spawner stock, below which the relative index of the fish stock survival rate begins to decrease) and target (the range between the fish passage rate, which provides the maximum sustainable yield, and its upper-bound estimate in view of the uncertainty) biological reference points for spawner passages have been determined. Quantitative levels of target reference points of the recruitment and stock have been determined using the optimization task in the Solver Add-in module in the Excel program. The obtained results have applicable nature and can be used by state fishery authorities for the revision of salmon fishing check indicators. These results can also be used as a basis for the revision of the salmon fishing concept, determination of change in management priorities, and development of salmon resource management regimes.
Keywords: salmon fishing, the Sea of Okhotsk, Pacific salmon, spawning, fish stock, fish passage capacity.
Date of publication: Summer 2023 / Deadline: 31 March 2023
Journal title: available for those who has paid.
Region of the journal publication: Asia.
Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q3).
Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences.
#23-bio Assessment of variation limits in dentition morphological structure of red-backed voles, Myodes rutilus
Abstract:
Interest in the research of the anatomy of red-backed voles is due to their biocoenotic and economic importance as well as to their different living conditions, which can potentially affect their morphological structure. The purpose of this paper was to determine the variation range in the chewing surface pattern of red-backed voles, Myodes rutilus,
[...] Load More based on the variability limits in the number of the tooth protruding and entrant angles. As a statistical base for the research, patterns of the chewing surface have been used. On this basis, quantitative data on the variability range of the first lower and the third maxillary molars of 1693 skulls of red-backed voles, collected between 1967 and 2002, have been obtained. The type selection of the teeth under study (the first lower and the third maxillary) is due to the highest structural variation of their chewing surface. Statistical data processing has been performed by the spectral method, according to which the theoretical and real variations in the structure of the chewing surface pattern of molars of red-backed voles, as well as the most probable combinations of tooth angles have been calculated. The analysis has been performed generally on the example of Myodes rutilus. The theoretical variation of the structure has been calculated based on the variability limits in the number of protruding and entrant angles of molars obtained as a result of the theoretical generalization of the scientific literature. The actual spectrum has been calculated based on the results of observations on the basis of the Myodes rutilu sample. The results of the analysis have demonstrated that there are no significant differences between the variation range in the number of the tooth protruding and entrant angles of the Myodes rutilus living on the mainland and island parts. For Myodes rutilus, there are no morphological changes as the result of different living conditions, which can affect the pattern of chewing surface, despite the fact that the effect of these differences is increased by the high rate of evolution, which has this genus, and genetic isolation due to geographical features. The proposed approach can be adapted and used to assess the variation of the chewing surface pattern of other rodents, and the obtained applied results extend the existing research in biology and ecology.
Keywords: Myodes rutilus, morphology, variation, chewing surface, molars, teeth.
Date of publication: Summer 2023 / Deadline: 31 March 2023
Journal title: available for those who has paid.
Region of the journal publication: Asia.
Scientific field: Veterinary.
Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q4).
#20-bio Biomass features research of Karyorelictea class infusoria in the interstitial fauna of the White Sea
Abstract:
Marine interstitial fauna is one of the main links in energy transfer by trophic levels in ecosystems, an indicator of biological cleanliness of water in reservoirs, and a vital source of feed for many-celled animals. The leading position in the marine psammon belongs to infusoria. Numerous studies related to infusoria have been conducted. As a result,
[...] Load More it turned out that the psammophilous fauna of the infusoria has a significant level of species composition commonality, but there is considerable diversity of species in the fauna of each reservoir, typical only for it. The purpose of this study was to determine the peculiarities of functioning of the Karyorelictea class infusoria in the interstitial fauna of the White Sea. The interval period of observation was six years: from May to September in 2009-2011, 2013, 2018, and 2019 on the sand littoral of the Gryazniy Bay of the White Sea. A laboratory panel of 15 random samples of infusoria from three areas of the sea psammon at a distance of 1-10 m from each other was formed using the integrated sample accounting method. With the use of integral samples, the horizontal distribution of infusoria has been analyzed by quantitative accounting on a three-dimensional scale having macro-, micro-, and meso levels. Vertical penetration of infusoria at a depth of 0-3 m of marine literal has been studied. The identity of food objects and the food spectrum of infusoria have been determined through observations of digestive vacuoles. In laboratory conditions, using a stereomicroscope and the FOV method, the biomass of infusoria has been calculated, and their identification has been carried out based on the morphological characteristics of microbenthos. The following parametric characteristics of marine psammophilous fauna as a habitat for infusoria have been mechanically investigated: surface temperature regime, salinity and acidity level of free and ground-water, an oxidation-reduction potential of water, the mechanical composition of marine psammon, and presence of organic substances in it. Homogeneous groups of infusoria have been determined by the clustering method. The following criteria were used for the protist classification: variety, time distribution, spatial distribution, density function, food spectra, etc. Common criteria have been determined by defining the Dice Coefficient. The results obtained deepen understanding of infusoria culture and ecology of marine benthos communities functioning as well as contribute to the formation and development of a common concept of the ciliate population biodiversity.
Keywords: Karyorelictea infusorias, the White Sea, interstitial fauna, marine psammon, microbenthos, biomass.
Date of publication: Summer 2023 / Deadline: 31 March 2023
Journal title: available for those who has paid.
Region of the journal publication: Asia.
Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q4).
Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental Science.