Biology

Biology

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Biology

#26-bio An econometric model for determining Pacific salmon stocks off the East Coast of the Sea of Okhotsk

Abstract: Pacific salmons are objects of paramount importance for the development of the fisheries industry economy. Therefore, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of salmon fishing and correct priorities in the development of salmon management regimes for the region. The purpose of this study was to develop an econometric model of reproduction and [...] Load More the determination of target biological reference points for effective management of the base stocks of the genus Oncorhynchus Pacific salmons in the Sea of Okhotsk. The statistical data sample was based on the average annual share of spawning in each of the rivers in 1998-2008. With the use of the extrapolation method, statistical data on the number of Sockeye Salmon, Chum, Coho, Pink Salmon, and Chinook Salmon reproduction have been determined. The proportions of spawners and descendants for each Pacific salmon species separately and each major spawning river of the region under investigation have been determined and analyzed. Changes in the structure of river salmon fishing and the efficiency of the passage at different fishing regimes have been analyzed. The percentage of spawners and descendants of Pacific salmon by rivers has been analyzed, and temporary clusters have been formed for the reproduction level and each type of salmon species under investigation. For each cluster, a resonance model of recruitment dependence on parental stock for Sockeye, Chum, Coho, and Pink Salmon has been built. Based on the models built, the boundary (the level of spawner stock, below which the relative index of the fish stock survival rate begins to decrease) and target (the range between the fish passage rate, which provides the maximum sustainable yield, and its upper-bound estimate in view of the uncertainty) biological reference points for spawner passages have been determined. Quantitative levels of target reference points of the recruitment and stock have been determined using the optimization task in the Solver Add-in module in the Excel program. The obtained results have applicable nature and can be used by state fishery authorities for the revision of salmon fishing check indicators. These results can also be used as a basis for the revision of the salmon fishing concept, determination of change in management priorities, and development of salmon resource management regimes.
Keywords: salmon fishing, the Sea of Okhotsk, Pacific salmon, spawning, fish stock, fish passage capacity.
Date of publication: September 2025 / Deadline: 23 June 2025

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q3.

Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

 

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#23-bio Assessment of variation limits in dentition morphological structure of red-backed voles, Myodes rutilus

Abstract: Interest in the research of the anatomy of red-backed voles is due to their biocoenotic and economic importance as well as to their different living conditions, which can potentially affect their morphological structure. The purpose of this paper was to determine the variation range in the chewing surface pattern of red-backed voles, Myodes rutilus, [...] Load More based on the variability limits in the number of the tooth protruding and entrant angles. As a statistical base for the research, patterns of the chewing surface have been used. On this basis, quantitative data on the variability range of the first lower and the third maxillary molars of 1693 skulls of red-backed voles, collected between 1967 and 2002, have been obtained. The type selection of the teeth under study (the first lower and the third maxillary) is due to the highest structural variation of their chewing surface. Statistical data processing has been performed by the spectral method, according to which the theoretical and real variations in the structure of the chewing surface pattern of molars of red-backed voles, as well as the most probable combinations of tooth angles have been calculated. The analysis has been performed generally on the example of Myodes rutilus. The theoretical variation of the structure has been calculated based on the variability limits in the number of protruding and entrant angles of molars obtained as a result of the theoretical generalization of the scientific literature. The actual spectrum has been calculated based on the results of observations on the basis of the Myodes rutilu sample. The results of the analysis have demonstrated that there are no significant differences between the variation range in the number of the tooth protruding and entrant angles of the Myodes rutilus living on the mainland and island parts. For Myodes rutilus, there are no morphological changes as the result of different living conditions, which can affect the pattern of chewing surface, despite the fact that the effect of these differences is increased by the high rate of evolution, which has this genus, and genetic isolation due to geographical features. The proposed approach can be adapted and used to assess the variation of the chewing surface pattern of other rodents, and the obtained applied results extend the existing research in biology and ecology.
Keywords: Myodes rutilus, morphology, variation, chewing surface, molars, teeth.
Date of publication: September 2025 / Deadline: 23 June 2025

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Biology, Veterinary.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-3); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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#20-bio Biomass features research of Karyorelictea class infusoria in the interstitial fauna of the White Sea

Abstract: Marine interstitial fauna is one of the main links in energy transfer by trophic levels in ecosystems, an indicator of biological cleanliness of water in reservoirs, and a vital source of feed for many-celled animals. The leading position in the marine psammon belongs to infusoria. Numerous studies related to infusoria have been conducted. As a result, [...] Load More it turned out that the psammophilous fauna of the infusoria has a significant level of species composition commonality, but there is considerable diversity of species in the fauna of each reservoir, typical only for it. The purpose of this study was to determine the peculiarities of functioning of the Karyorelictea class infusoria in the interstitial fauna of the White Sea. The interval period of observation was six years: from May to September in 2009-2011, 2013, 2018, and 2019 on the sand littoral of the Gryazniy Bay of the White Sea. A laboratory panel of 15 random samples of infusoria from three areas of the sea psammon at a distance of 1-10 m from each other was formed using the integrated sample accounting method. With the use of integral samples, the horizontal distribution of infusoria has been analyzed by quantitative accounting on a three-dimensional scale having macro-, micro-, and meso levels. Vertical penetration of infusoria at a depth of 0-3 m of marine literal has been studied. The identity of food objects and the food spectrum of infusoria have been determined through observations of digestive vacuoles. In laboratory conditions, using a stereomicroscope and the FOV method, the biomass of infusoria has been calculated, and their identification has been carried out based on the morphological characteristics of microbenthos. The following parametric characteristics of marine psammophilous fauna as a habitat for infusoria have been mechanically investigated: surface temperature regime, salinity and acidity level of free and ground-water, an oxidation-reduction potential of water, the mechanical composition of marine psammon, and presence of organic substances in it. Homogeneous groups of infusoria have been determined by the clustering method. The following criteria were used for the protist classification: variety, time distribution, spatial distribution, density function, food spectra, etc. Common criteria have been determined by defining the Dice Coefficient. The results obtained deepen understanding of infusoria culture and ecology of marine benthos communities functioning as well as contribute to the formation and development of a common concept of the ciliate population biodiversity.
Keywords: Karyorelictea infusorias, the White Sea, interstitial fauna, marine psammon, microbenthos, biomass.
Date of publication: September 2025 / Deadline: 23 June 2025

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Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2-3).

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#17-bio Molecular genetics diagnostics of intraspecific differentiation of red-cheeked ground and spotted sousliks

Abstract: In recent decades, animal hybridization has been one of the central fundamental problems of evolutionary biology and zoology. The development of this area of science is associated with the practical use of the metapopulation approach to the analysis of population structure with the wide use of molecular genetics methods for research of sympatric speciations [...] Load More of animals. It makes it possible to solve not only fundamental biological problems but also significant applied problems of species conservation and biological diversity of populations. The purpose of this research was to determine intraspecific differentiation, modifications of genotypic diversity, and mammal population structure taking into account the dynamics of heterogeneous spatio-temporal distribution of the animal population in conditions of the highly fragmented environment using the example of a burrowing rodent. The object of research was the sympatry of the red-cheeked ground and spotted sousliks. The sampling size of the research was 217 individuals of both species from 10 contact settlements. The research sample of rodents was formed during the field work for the period of 2017-2019. The comparative analysis of genomes of mitochondria and nuclear DNA of animals has been performed through molecular genetics diagnostics. For the purpose of systematization of species belonging of caught and marked specimens of marmots and determination of modifications of animal hybridization, five kinds of molecular markers were used in the research: D-loop, Hoxb5, p53, ZfX, and SmcY. The method of bioacoustic monitoring of frequency and interval indicators of warning calls of the red-cheeked ground and spotted sousliks and of their natural hybrid varieties was used for analysis and revealing of parent species characters in hybrid populations. Based on the method of discriminant analysis of the set of quantitative indicators of warning calls and parameters of the calls of both investigated species of marmots and their hybrids, the genetic character of inheritance of acoustic features of parental species in interspecies hybrids of the burrowing rodent has been determined. Based on the results of discriminant analysis, generations of hybrid individuals of the red-cheeked ground and spotted sousliks were systematized by age groups. Differences in the inheritance of features of parent populations in investigated hybrid individuals have been revealed. The results obtained are of practical importance for the development of the theory of evolutionary biology. They will be useful for a better understanding of the mechanism of natural interspecific hybridization of sousliks. The results obtained can be used in planning and organizing conservation activities for this species in the territorial subjects of the region.
Keywords: population, souslik, hybrids, molecular genetics diagnostics, species belonging, acoustic features, molecular marker.
Date of publication: October 2025 / Deadline: 23 June 2025

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Biology, Zoology.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2-3).

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#15-bio Diachronic analysis of existing achievements in mammal embryogenesis modeling

Abstract: Infertility and xenotransplantation of organs, reservation of mammalian genetic resources and preservation of endangered species, production of pharmaceutical drugs, and many other problems of global nature are solved by practical implementation of assisted cellular reproductive technologies. Besides, mammal species characteristics considerably predetermine [...] Load More the methodology of biotechnology research. The purpose of this research was to identify conceptual niches for the development of scientific research on aspects of modeling mammalian embryogenesis (on the example of man and mouse) in terms of historical, systematic, and critical approaches. With the use of the diachronic method, the scientific knowledge about early attempts to model the transfer of mouse embryos cultivated in vitro, peculiarities of the semantic simulation of the implantation barrier overcoming, and the embryogenesis duration have been analyzed and systematized. Difficulties of modeling of reproductive technologies of human embryo cultivation, taking into account historical development, have been synthesized. On the basis of the axiomatic method, based on well-known conceptual theories, the main contradictions and intersecting aspects of scientific provisions in the evolution of research of external mechanical and internal regulators for determining embryogenesis stages have been argued. The system approach was applied to the assessment of the existing achievements in the field of modeling the correspondence of embryonic mouse development from the blastocyst stage to the stage of the cylindrical embryo shape with overcoming the implantation barrier in the in vitro and in vivo technologies. The reasons for the mice embryo development discrepancy depending on the duration of stay in suboptimal culture conditions have been substantiated by the deductive generalization method. Through the use of aspect analysis, the results of scientific research on modeling the compliance of human embryogenesis to the early post-implantation stage within "in vitro" and "in vivo" systems have been summarized. The critical approach made it possible to generalize the existing problems in scientific research concerning gene expression in conditions of human and mouse embryo cultivation. Also, the method of critical analysis made it possible to identify the prospects for further scientific research in the process of modern modeling of embryo implantation and methods of mammalian embryo cultivation in two experimental technologies. The results obtained can contribute to the filling of the gaps in fundamental knowledge about the embryogenesis of mammals and research the issue at a higher technological level. The results allow new insights into previously made discoveries to be introduced and the ground for new ideas and ways to implement them to be prepared.
Keywords: embryogenesis, human, mouse, cultivation, scientific research, modeling, mammals.
Date of publication: September 2025 / Deadline: 23 June 2025

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Biology.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2).

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#14-bio Hydrochemical indicators of drinking water as a threat for morbidity rates for the population

Abstract: The maintenance and increase of safe drinking water supply, hygiene and sanitation, and proper water management are fundamental to human health in all countries and regions of the world. Efforts to improve the chemical composition of drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene interact with each other and actively contribute to the health and public well-being. [...] Load More Because of the topic urgency, the purpose of the study was to justify the maximum permissible limit of component mineral composition of drinking water as an impact factor on the general health status of the population. The object of research has been chosen because the population of this region uses an artesian water supply for more than 30 years. As a result, the hardness level of drinking water permanently increases in comparison with surface water sources. In the framework of this study, using the method of comparative analysis of standards of water quality hydrochemical indicators and level of pollution (specified in sanitary and epidemiological rules), the pollution level and quality of artesian water supply has been justified. Supplied water by its properties (mineralization and ionic composition) meets sanitary standards for drinking water; however, it does not fully meet the optimal physiological parameters due to the reduction of some chemical elements necessary for the body and because of the concentration level of toxic chemicals. With the use of the correlation analysis method, a direct proportion between the disease incidence among the adult population and the level of chemical elements contained in drinking water of artesian well drinking-water supply has been justified. Gradation of disease incidence levels among the adult population of the region to "high level of intensity" and "low level of intensity" depending on maximum permissible regulated norms of concentration of chemical elements in drinking water has been implemented. Quantitative standards of hydrochemical indicators of drinking water quality based on the concentration level of toxic and essential chemical elements were substantiated and recommended. The obtained research results are practical and can be used by sanitary services to improve standards of drinking water quality assessment as well as design, construction, operation of water supply systems, and provision of drinking water to the population.
Keywords: water supply, hydrochemical indicators, drinking water, health, chemical element.
Date of publication: October 2025 / Deadline: 25 June 2025

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Agricultural, Biological Sciences, Environmental Science, Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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#13-med Features of interaction between elemental homeostasis and the level of human physical activity

Abstract: The problem of homeostasis, despite a large number of homeostatic agents, is still extremely urgent. It is difficult to overestimate the role of the self-regulating system of homeostasis in maintaining the normal functioning of such human systems as immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, etc. Regular physical activity as a stress simulation stimulates [...] Load More the adaptive response of the human body and aims to maintain homeostasis of the whole organism. The purpose of the paper was a comprehensive study of the impact of the relationship between physiological mechanisms of homeostasis and motor activity on the content of micro- and macronutrients in the human body. The qualitative characteristics between elemental homeostasis and the level of human physical activity have been analyzed using the deductive analysis method based on literature sources. It has been found that the consumption of microelements increases with increasing energy consumption. Thus, physically very active people consume more micronutrients than untrained ones. However, the revealed characteristics of the relationship are contradictory, and there is no possibility of quantitative estimates of microelement consumption. Thus, micronutrient requirements among moderately active people are unlikely to be much higher than the levels recommended for the general population. On the basis of the method of analysis and synthesis, the peculiarities of the status of micronutrients for health and functional performance among physically active people, athletes, and those who lead an inactive life, have been revealed. It has been revealed that moderate physical activity does not necessarily affect the daily consumption of microelements. Metabolic peculiarities of the human organism during the longtime physical activity, moderate motor activity, and in conditions of sedentary behavior have been generalized. The features of influencing physical activity and the general state of the human body in the process of accumulation and change of the status of essential and toxic microelements in the human body have been revealed. The main characteristics of their impact on human functional performance depending on the levels of physical activity have been analyzed. The immunological balance of priority microelements in the metabolic correction in the human body in conditions of an active lifestyle and significant physical activity has been generalized. The obtained results of this study are aimed at strengthening knowledge about elemental homeostasis and metabolic networks to offer dietary guidance on metabolism and the communicative role of different products in conditions of various levels of human physical activity.
Keywords: elemental homeostasis, physical activity, micronutrients, essential microelements, toxic microelements, metabolism.
Date of publication: September 2025 / Deadline: 25 June 2025

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine, Biology.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

 

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#12-bio Research of morphogen effect of serotonin synthesis intensity on immune system disorders of animals

Abstract: Serotonin is of crucial importance for the animal body performing the control over important physiological functions, including ovulation, insulin secretion, as well as serotonin predetermines the specific behavioral reactions. Modern science has accumulated enough experimental material on the regulatory influence of this neurotransmitter on the activity [...] Load More of immunocompetent organs. However, data on the participation of serotonin in their structural and functional development have not yet been properly considered. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the morphogen effects of serotonin synthesis intensity on thymus development and manifestations of immune system disorders among animals. The fetuses of 38 laboratory pregnant female Wistar rats and post-natal rats living under standard conditions were used as an experimental basis for the research. The object of the research was serotonin receptors encoded with the Htr1a gene as the most represented receptor in the animal body. Isoflurane inhalation anesthesia for animals was used to obtain embryonic material. The method of a polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription was used to detect and research the dynamics of the expression level of Htr1а receptors to serotonin in the thymus of the animals under study. Observation and analysis of isolated total RNA were carried out with the help of electrophoresis in agarose gel and the ChemiDoc MP System for gel imaging and documentation. With the use of the western blotting analytical method, proteins have been detected and transferred to the membrane. The quality of the process was controlled by coloring the hydrophobic nitrocellulose membrane with the Ponceau S dye. The functional activity of T-lymphocytes of rat fetal thymus has been assessed through activation by T-cell mitogen to proliferative immune response. The degree of maturity of T-lymphocytes has been analyzed by double marking with monoclonal antibodies to CD8b and CD4 antigens in fetuses and mature mice. The effect of serotonin on T-lymphocytes and the effect of ConA mitogen on the expression of Htr1a mRNA receptors in the thymus have been analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction method. Analytical processing of the laboratory assessment data was performed using the Statistica 7.0 software product. The assessment of the statistical significance of differences between indicator sets was implemented based on the Mann-Whitney U test. The results of the study will be useful to find the possibility of correction of immune system disorders using serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists that change the mediator level in various organs, including the brain.
Keywords: mice, serotonin, synthesis, thymus, Htr1a gene, receptors, immune system.
Date of publication: September 2025 / Deadline: 25 June 2025

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Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Veterinary.

Indexing of the journal:Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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Agriculture

#11-bio Enhancement of approaches to assessing the reproductive performance of the orchid population and conditions for seed regeneration of their species

Abstract: The downward trend of the orchid population due to its narrow ecological amplitude, mycotrophy, ontogenesis features, endemism, and entomophily has led to the fact that, at present, a significant part of the orchid family is a rare and endangered species. The population is also negatively affected by the problematic aspects of reproductive biology due [...] Load More to the fact that for some species, an approach to the calculation of seed production has not been developed due to the complexity of calculating the tremendous number of dust-like seeds contained in one seed case. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the reproductive performance of Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. cruenta and the conditions of seed regeneration of the species. The sampling was based on the representatives of the species living in the area of the Vychegda-Mezen Plain and the Northern Urals, for which morphometric features have been determined. The differences in features have been estimated using the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test depending on the nature of data distribution. The ToupView software has been used to record the results of the observation carried out between 2000 and 2019, which makes it possible to measure the parameters under investigation with high accuracy. In the result of observations, a sample of 11.5 thousand seeds from seed cases was formed, which was used to determine the quality of seeds. The seed cases were collected from different plants within the same population. With regard to findings of the study, a methodology of the true census of seeds with the use of ImageJ 1.5 software package in automatic mode with manual correction has been proposed. According to the methodology, the numbers of seeds in the seed cases of coenopopulations under investigations and productivity indicators, such as the potential conditional seed production, real conditional seed production, real seed production, and seed yield, have been calculated. According to the assessment results, it was determined that the maximum proportion of juvenile individuals of the species is fixed at the maximum amounts of effective temperatures (>10°C). This study contributes to the development of applied aspects of reproductive biology through the possibility of calculating the seed production indicator of Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. cruenta on the basis of the developed methodology as a preventive tool in the prevention of population depletion of orchids and the determination of conditions for seed regeneration of the species.
Keywords: orchid, reproductive performance, seed regeneration, seed production, population, seeds.
Date of publication: September 2025 / Deadline: 23 June 2025

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Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q3).

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Biology

#10-bio Assessing the probability of ragweed naturalization depending on the environmental and geographical conditions of the area

Abstract: The ragweed, due to its high level of allergenicity, is a dangerous plant for human health, as well as it is harmful to agriculture, which necessitates a constant fight against it. Climatic changes create new conditions for naturalization and renaturalization of ragweed, and therefore, there is a need for permanent monitoring of environmental and geographical [...] Load More conditions of this species. The purpose of the article is to assess the probability of the territorial spreading of self-sustaining ragweed populations in the northern direction. Based on the research results, the criteria have been determined, and the approach to the assessment of the ragweed naturalization probability has been developed. Such criteria are the density of invasion, pollen grain index, anthropogenic infrastructure, and geographical latitude of the area under investigation. The list of criteria and their point assessments have been determined based on aero-palynological observations, GBIF data, and taking into account environmental and geographical features of the northern region. Based on the point assessments of the criteria, the integral indicator of the ragweed naturalization probability has been calculated, which presents an additive model with an equal relative importance of specific indicators corresponding to the criteria values. The use of the scoring method in the criteria assessment made it possible to obtain a quantitative evaluation of qualitative indicators and to standardize the criteria values that mean to bring them into a comparable form, due to which it became possible to calculate the integrated indicator. All specific indicators of the integral model demonstrate a stimulating effect on the ragweed spread, and consequently, the increase in the integrated indicator is interpreted as an increase in the probability of naturalization. The model testing to estimate the probability of ragweed naturalization in the northern regions has been implemented, using the example of Canada. The results obtained from the model demonstrated the highest expectation of ragweed spreading on the territory of Winnipeg, Nominingue, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, and Rimouski, which is confirmed by actual observations. Correspondence of the results obtained from the model with the actual ones demonstrates the adequacy of the model built and the possibility of its application for forecasting the ragweed spreading in the northern regions. As a result of the environmental and geographical analysis of the northern regions, the minimum sum of active temperatures corresponding to the temperature limit of ragweed spreading has been determined. The proposed assessment model of the ragweed naturalization and the results obtained with its practical testing are the basis for the development of appropriate operational procedures to control the weed based on predicted geographical boundaries of its spreading.
Keywords: ragweed, naturalization, renaturalization, integral assessment, aero-palynological observations.
Date of publication: September 2025 / Deadline: 23 June 2025

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: South America.

Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2).

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