Transport and Engineering Sciences

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Transport and Engineering Sciences

#4-trans Evaluating the Technical Efficiency of Power Equipment of Computer-based Railway Automation Systems

Abstract: This article focuses on the issues that arise during the evaluation of technical efficiency of hardware of computer-based systems for railway automation. Here the authors have proved the necessity of combined consideration of all components of the control power equipment and designated the borders in the general structure of hardware. The feature of [...] Load More formalized ways of a comprehensive assessment to compare technical solutions is given. A system of precise criteria and pointers of the technical efficiency of power equipment’s technical efficiency is developed by considering the particulars of the industry. It lets the people make a comparative evaluation of the different concepts of hardware’s construction.
Keywords: interface device, object power, power control equipment, own power, technical efficiency, parametric safety, distance method, performance indicators, specific criteria.
Date of publication: December 2023 / Deadline: 31 August 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Energy, Engineering, Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q3-4).

 

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Economics

#01-ec Subadditivity of costs as a criterion for evaluating natural monopolistic properties of transport networks

Abstract: The transport system, as an element of infrastructure, plays an important role in ensuring the economic development of the country and the region, determining the investment attractiveness, and the development potential of the production and service sectors. The efficiency of transport networks functioning is largely determined by the subadditivity [...] Load More of costs formed as a result of economy of scale and economy of structure, which reflect the natural monopoly properties of networks. The aim of the article is to develop an approach to identifying natural monopoly properties of transport networks and assess the efficiency of their functioning. The results of the study allowed setting forward an approach to the analysis of natural monopoly properties of transport networks through the indicator of subadditivity of costs. The implementation of the approach implies the construction of a model for identifying natural monopoly properties of transport networks using direct (aimed at assessment of subadditivity under the condition of prohibition of diversification of the investigated industry) and indirect (aimed at assessment of economy of structure, which is a necessary but not sufficient condition for manifestation of monopolistic properties) cost subadditivity test. The determinants of the model, presented as a square function of costs, are indicators of economy of scale, economy of structure, the average and marginal costs. Estimates of economy of structure and nonlinear upward function of dependence of production costs elasticity on the volumes of investments built for multiproduct transport networks were used to determine the areas of overload of transport networks, for which the subadditive effect is leveled as a result of nonlinear nature of cost growth with the growth of demand for products. An optimization imitation model of transport network development was built, which allowed, using search algorithms, identifying duplicative and bypass sections necessary for avoiding overload and improve the efficiency of transport network operation. The index of net present income served as the criterion of efficiency maximization with its growth testifying to their economic efficiency based on the optimization results. 625 points served as the statistical base for the research: data on demand and costs for cargo and passenger transportation, processed using EViews, Mathcard and Excel. The results obtained in the research can serve as a basis for developing a strategy for developing transport networks at the regional level, and the proposed methodological approach can become a tool for identifying, evaluating and maximizing the efficiency of their functioning.
Keywords: natural monopoly, transport network, subadditivity, economy of scale, economy of structure, costs.
Date of publication: December 2023 / Deadline: 31 August 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Engineering, Computer Science.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q3).

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Computer and Information Sciences

#8-ec System-process model for improving the efficiency of customs services

Abstract: The growing openness of national economies, the prospects for integration into the world economy, and the expansion of foreign economic activity raise the issue of efficient organization of customs services. The aim of the paper is to develop an approach to increase efficiency of customs service in the sea port area. In order to analyze events in real [...] Load More time, a system-process model for increasing the efficiency of customs services has been developed. The model is built using the technology of processing complex events. The actors of the customs services market, interrelationships between them, and the responsible executives (corresponding to the competence of the actors) have been determined empirically and confirmed by the results of theoretical analysis and systematization. The model is presented in the form of a network graph with a) nodes presenting the works that describe the process of providing customs service according to the technological cards of cargo handling; and b) edges presenting causal relations between the stages of the process. The network model, built using the AnyLogic software package, reflects the sequence of works describing cargo operations and the process of providing customs services in the sea port area; duration of each stage; and the conditions of transition to the next stage and responsible executives. The network model allows optimizing the process of providing customs service according to the criterion of minimizing the time for customs operations and minimizing costs by searching the shortest way through the network and streamlining the work of responsible executives on the basis of possible variants of sequence of stages and individual workloads. The results of the model construction are presented in graphical and analytical interpretation as a system-process model, which reflects the impact of input information and limitations on the system result. The developed model allows visually designing the process of providing customs services at the seaport and analytically confirming the findings. Optimization was carried out on the example of the system of customs services provided by the customs in the area of the container terminal of the port. The model based on the results of the study serves as an analytical tool for designing the process of customs services in seaports, taking into account the peculiarities of technological processing of cargo and can be used both for optimizing a separate customs system and for developing a state strategy for development of the customs service.
Keywords: customs services, cargo operations, optimization, efficiency, system-process model, network graph
Date of publication: December 2023 / Deadline: 31 August 2023

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Engineering, Computer Science.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q3).

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