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Psychology

#24-psy Prospects for the application of autobiographical data analysis in the study of personal life choices

Abstract: In human life, choice is a multidimensional psychological phenomenon. For many years, both national and foreign psychologists have devoted their works to the empirical study of choice. However, this concept continues to remain understudied, which is confirmed by the small number of extant empirical studies on choice and certain contradictions in terms [...] Load More of the approaches to its study. This paper aims to conceptually substantiate the prospects for the practical feasibility of analyzing autobiographical data while studying an individual’s life choices. The main research method adopted was the semi-structured interview, as it allows the creation of a more comfortable interviewing environment by providing the respondents with an opportunity to define, on their own, the situations that required them to make “life choices”; additionally, it facilitated a sufficiently profound reflection. In total, 44 respondents of different age groups, places of residence, professions, levels of education, and family status participated in the survey. The interview included 5–15 questions, which asked for a description of the situations in which the life choices were made and to determine their number, indicate significant moments in life, identify the peculiarities of these situations, etc. Thus, autobiographical data were obtained from the respondents relating to the situations demanding life choices and their impact on the life of the individual. The methods of frequency analysis and content analysis helped to empirically determine the following: (1) episodes of life choices (on average, 3 episodes); (2) age of the person while making a choice (26–45 years old for a majority of the respondents). Using the method of generalization, the authors of the paper systematized approaches to divide life episodes into “situations” and “storylines” as well as by life spheres (family, relationships, profession, place of life, finances, etc.). The content analysis method made it possible to determine the criteria for the respondents’ choice of episodes, as well as to form the patterns of the choices. As a result of the study different approaches to the representation and use of the set of autobiographical data concerning life choices in psychotherapy were grounded. The presented approach to data analysis allowed designating criteria and principles of selection of life choice episodes, to develop variants of categorization of the designated indicators, and to determine quantitative indicators characterizing and supplementing election patterns. The results received can be useful for psychotherapists, while also serve as a basis for refining the theoretical foundations of the problem of choice in a person’s life.
Keywords: life choice, interview, content-analysis, autobiographical data analysis, life situations
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Psychology.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q(2); WoS (Social Sciences Citation Index).

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#23-psy Personal response to ego threats depends on the type of self-esteem.

Abstract: The relevance of this study is supported by the debate among scientists on the nature of the personal response to an ego-threatening situation, as well as its possible dependence on the type of self-esteem. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity and nature of participants’ responses to the situational ego threat depending on their type [...] Load More of self-esteem. This pedagogical experiment involved 231 university participants randomly selected from different departments and courses to ensure it was a representative sample. The experiment was conducted in three stages: (1) initial questioning, (2) the experiment itself, and (3) final questioning. The initial questionnaire was designed to determine the type of self-esteem, and the relationship between the personality and self-esteem, using a modified Mruk’s two-factor model of self-esteem, Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, Schwarzer and Jerusalem’s generalized self-efficacy scale, and Crocker's scale. The experiment itself was implemented in the format of group tasks, followed by an anonymous mutual evaluation of the level of openness, sociability, creativity, and external attractiveness. In order to determine the participants’ responses to the situational ego threat in the form of negative feedback, deterministic evaluations were artificially lowered without informing the participants. The final questionnaire involved redetermining the type of self-esteem and assessing the participants’ responses to negative feedback using the questionnaire. SPSS 14.0 software processed the statistical analysis of the questionnaire results. The outcomes of the experiment confirmed the damaging influence of negative feedback on the participants’ self-esteem, and the connection between the type of self-esteem and the sensitivity of the response to an ego threat. The highest level of sensitivity to negative feedback was indicated among participants with a positive type of self-esteem, which manifested itself in a high level of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Participants with a moderate and defensive type of self-esteem were characterized by a lower level of sensitivity. The study approach to determine the type of self-esteem, the assessment of the individual’s response to ego threats, and identifying the relationship between them, can improve the methodology of future studies on self-esteem and its manifestation under the destructive influence of the external environment and social evaluations.
Keywords: self-esteem, self-respect, self-efficacy, ego threat, response, sensitivity, experiment, questionnaire
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Psychology.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q(2); WoS (Social Sciences Citation Index).

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Education

#22-edu Comparative assessment of approaches to professional development of civil servants

Abstract: Given the decreased level of credibility of civil servants, there is the need to find effective approaches to the assessment and development of their professional qualities. This study is a critical analysis of the essence of the competence approach and the approach of professionally relevant qualities, as well as their significance and prospects for [...] Load More use in the professional formation and development of civil servants. The paper considers the prerequisites for the formation of the approaches under study, which allows the authors to identify the crucial characteristics that form the basis for a comparative assessment. The development of the phenomenon of professionally relevant qualities using the method of historical chronology embraces the transition from the professiographic approach (the essence of this phenomenon is understood as a set of exclusively professional qualities) to the liberal (with an emphasis on personal qualities) and integral approach. According to the integral approach, professionally relevant qualities are a set of psychophysiological and psychological abilities that are formed in the process of professional activity, which is similar to the understanding of the main concepts of the competence approach. Using the methods of theoretical generalization and systematization, a critical analysis of the fundamental concepts of “competences” and “professionally relevant qualities” in terms of their nature, development factors, subjective components, methodological support, and manifestation of the phenomenon was carried out. According to the results of the analysis, a higher degree of formalization is established when using the competence approach, which is focused on solving specific, practical tasks and presents the possibility of quantitative measurement of the studied characteristics, determining their qualitative levels with the given quantitative classification criteria. In contrast to the competence approach, the approach of professionally relevant qualities is more subjective, which is confirmed by the high variability of scientists’ opinions regarding the priority set of professional qualities and requirements for their level and the lack of possibility of their quantitative measurement. In spite of the high degree of variability in the approach of professionally relevant qualities, the fundamental professional requirements are outdated and weakly correlated with volatile environmental conditions, which indicates the low mobility and adaptability of the approach. The results of the conducted critical analysis allow us to identify strong and weak points in the approaches to the professional formation, and the development of civil servants is the theoretical basis for the development and implementation of progressive programs of professional development of employees, focused on the provisions of the competence approach and modern requirements of the environment.
Keywords: competence, professionally relevant qualities, civil servants, development
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Emerging Sources Citation Index).

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#19-edu The role of information technologies in the development of communicative competencies of foreign students

Abstract: The growth of international activity in universities has given rise to new challenges to the higher education system, associated primarily with the complexity in the adaptation, training, and employment of foreign students due to their low level of proficiency in the local language. The foregoing elements underpin the relevance of the present study. [...] Load More The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the use of information technologies in the development of the communicative competencies of foreign students in the learning process and during clinical practice. A conceptual model has been developed that describes the possibilities of the systematic use of information technologies to increase the level of communicative competencies of foreign students in medical universities in the following areas: (1) phonetic, grammatical, and lexical skills; and (2) preparing students for clinical practice in medical institutions. The proposed theoretical model, which reflects the possibility of using invariable, variable, and integration approaches to the study of the local language by means of information technology, was tested using an experiment. The experiment involved 254 fourth year foreign students enrolled in a medical university. During the experiment, the students in the control group continued their studies in language courses with lecturers. Meanwhile, the students in the experimental group were given the opportunity to use a specially developed mobile application that provides language support to foreign students in the study of professional terminology while studying the language. In addition, the students in the experimental group did not attend language courses during the experiment. Based on the results of the experiment, the differences in the level of the communicative competencies of the students in the two sample groups are insignificant, which indicates the feasibility of using information technologies in language learning as an alternative to traditional teaching methods. The proposed model of the systemic use of information technologies is much more effective in preparing for clinical practice in hospitals. According to the results of the experiment, the portion of students whose communication skills in the local language are at a good and/or high level as part of clinical practice increased by 20.1 percentage points. The indicator for the formation of skills in the use of information technologies and medical devices with an interface in the local language also increased. The effectiveness of the proposed model creates a precedent for the possibility of using information technologies to increase the level of communicative competence of foreign students in medical universities and their adaptation to clinical practice in medical institutions.
Keywords: communicative competence, foreign students, foreign language, information technologies, phonetics, grammar, vocabulary
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Emerging Sources Citation Index).

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#18-edu A procedural approach to assessing the quality of industrial translation

Abstract: The importance of translation in achieving personal and professional goals gives rise to the issue of quality. Low-quality translation leads to erroneous opinions, illogical conclusions, and, as a consequence, all kinds of communicative losses. The aim of this research was to develop an approach to assessing the quality of industrial translation on [...] Load More the basis of structural and functional modeling. To form the theoretical foundation of the research, the authors analyzed approaches to the definition of translation quality and accuracy, with the following criteria as reference: the identities of source and target texts, the accomplishment of the translation task, and the guarantee of the functional equivalence and pragmatic value of translation. The analysis enabled the authors to substantiate the expediency of using the communicative–functional approach in assessing translation quality. The analysis enabled the proposal of a methodological approach to evaluating the quality of industrial translation, and this approach is a combination of structural–functional modeling and survey methods. To model the process by which translation quality is assessed and optimized in the long term, the authors used structural and functional modeling (IDEF0 notation), which facilitated modeling the process being investigated in the form of consecutive stages, with an indication of input and output resources, a control unit (regulations and standards governing quality assessment), and arrangement (subjects implementing each stage of translation and the computer programs that they use). The main parameters of the structural and functional model of industrial translation quality assessment, which is understood as a translation production process, were determined with a survey. The survey was administered to representatives of companies providing professional translation services and translators working on a contractual basis. The results showed that determinants of the quality of industrial translation are translators, project managers, editors, and clients as well as software that is used in translation and quality evaluation, national standards, and intracompany directives and instructions that regulate the quality of translation. The authors then specified the sequence of stages for implementing translation and quality evaluation—stages that constituted the preliminary, main, and final stages of the process. The model constructed for the evaluation of industrial translation quality enables the optimization of the process being researched by eliminating weak points. The proposed procedural approach can serve as a basis for assessing and managing quality not only for industrial translation but also for other types of translation.
Keywords: industrial translation, quality, structural–functional model, survey, procedural approach
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q1.

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#11-edu Rationale for Metacognitive Distortion of English Language Acquisition Levels

Abstract: Knowledge of the English language in the modern world is the key to success, not only in personal development, but also in the professional sphere, as communication in foreign languages and the processing of vast amounts of information is becoming increasingly important. It is the system of higher education that should become the basis for effective [...] Load More pedagogical technologies, allowing the formation of language competencies. Psychological factors have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the process of mastering foreign languages; in particular, the level of self-esteem of the student. The aim of this article is to estimate, empirically, the effect of metacognitive distortion on actual and self-assessment levels of English language proficiency on graduate students. The method of inductive analysis helped assess 100 job applicants’ English language skills on the basis of their self-assessed (stated) level. The respondents were adults aged 24-26, with almost equal shares of gender, and an average of nine years of English language learning. In order to determine the Dunning-Kruger effect, questionnaires were developed to interview the same respondents. So, the self-rated level of English proficiency was tested to determine the causal factors of this level, as formulated by the respondents. By directly interviewing the same group of respondents, philologists determined the actual level of their English proficiency, and made an analytical assessment of the qualitative parameters of level deviation. By means of the descriptive method, the main cognitive reasons for metacognitive deviation in determining the respondents’ own level of English proficiency have been revealed and analyzed. The institutional factors of the Dunning-Kruger effect have also been systematized and argued. These factors are explained by the specific features of the educational process, and pedagogical technologies in the system of higher education. The author presents the proof of conceptual recommendations, which contribute to the adjustment of the self-assessment levels of students studying foreign languages, particularly English, to realize the actual level of language competence. The obtained results have a practical value, and can be used in the system of higher education, in order to increase the effectiveness of the development of the language competence of students in the process of learning foreign languages. Special attention should be paid to the psychological aspects of teaching a foreign language, because by having the knowledge and ability to interact with different types of personalities, a teacher can provide timely assistance and support to his/her students.
Keywords: English language, the Dunning-Kruger effect, metacognitive distortion, language competence, self-esteem, educational process
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q(1-2).

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#06-edu Ways to transform vocational education within the framework of socio-economic development

Abstract: As scientific and technological progress is accelerating and the concept of sustainable development becomes universally recognized, professional skills appear as one of the indispensable elements in achieving the objectives assigned. Continuous improvement of personnel professional potential becomes of strategic importance in the context of constantly [...] Load More changing market requirements. This actualizes the issue of quality of professional education and its content as the foundation for future vocational training. The purpose of this study was to conceptualize the ways of transforming the content of vocational education in the context of socio-economic development. The descriptive method of research allowed identifying and substantiating the system of ways of subordinated interaction between the development of vocational education content and the transformation of the content of modern labor. The evolutionary qualitative changes and prospective tendencies in the development of vocational education and training have been identified by means of historical and logical analysis. Yet the content of these changes was proved to be not fully complying with the requirements of today’s labor market. The prerequisites for the qualitative changes in the content of vocational education within the framework of current trends in socio-economic development and labor market transformation have been substantiated. Aspect analysis was applied to determine the crucial counteracting factors in the development of vocational education content and the modern model of labor market functioning. Literary generalization and the axiomatic method of scientific knowledge systematized the fundamental requirements regarding the skills and qualifications of hired workers. The practical significance and the positive role of polytechnic education within the framework of qualitative changes in vocational education are reasoned through apperception. Furthermore, a descriptive method and scientific logic are used to substantiate general technical and special subjects as the primary elements for changing vocational education content in the current condition. The content and functional purpose of special subjects in the system of professional education, contributing to the quality of human capital within the framework of the sustainable development concept, was interpreted. The paper systematizes and argues the basic principles of the qualitative transformation of vocational education content according to an integrated approach, presenting the formalized structure of the same according to present-day labor market development trends and labor force quality requirements. The obtained results are characterized by scientific novelty and hold practical value, possibly serving as a basis for developing a strategy to transform the education system and identify its development potential. The results of the study can prove useful for state authorities to update the education system in the face of the challenges of socio-economic development.
Keywords: vocational training, content, labor market, socio-economic development, modification, educational subjects
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Emerging Sources Citation Index).

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#02-edu Boosting educators’ psychological resilience to consolidate their professional socialization

Abstract: Educators as professionals are vulnerable in the face of various stressors because they are exposed to numerous challenging situations. Constant contact with individuals carrying the potential threat of stressful situations can cause significant energy and emotional loss to educators in their professional activities. Therefore, in current conditions, [...] Load More acquiring and developing the skills that help educators resist stress assumes crucial scientific and practical relevance. The aim of this study is to develop a methodological approach for determining the quantitative and qualitative parameters of educators’ psychological resilience in the process of their professional socialization. Drawing on the literature review and content analysis of such concepts as stress, psychological stress, professional stress, and resilience, the authors have clarified the content of the definition of psychological resilience in terms of educators’ personality as a general concept, regardless of the scope and level of educational institutions. The method of deconstruction used in this study allowed grounding the fundamental components of educators’ psychological resilience as a complex pedagogical concept and consistent personal quality, including motivational and evaluative, activity-regulative, and reflective aspects. Substantial characteristics of each component of an educator’s psychological resilience are reasoned; sociological and physiological parameters of the development of an educator’s psychological resilience in the process of professional socialization are substantiated. This study used a questionnaire to diagnose the educators’ level of psychological resilience and the risk of the stress-induced loss of social functioning skills of educators in various education institutions. The types of educators’ psychological resilience, according to affective characteristics, which depend on the criteria of presence and propensity, were determined by perceptive estimation of the research sample of respondents. The study shows the feasibility of training technologies for the development of educators’ psychological resilience in the process of their professional socialization by activating adaptive qualities at psychological and physical levels of personality. Training technologies for boosting educators’ psychological resilience were based on three educational blocks, namely theoretical, practical, and interactive. Within each block, the organizational forms of training to boost educators’ psychological resilience in professional activity in terms of individual features of their personality are identified as well-reasoned. To establish the practical efficiency of the proposed training complex by perceptual estimation, the level of educators’ psychological resilience was determined after the completion of the experimental work. The obtained scientific results can be used by education institutions to conduct routine diagnostics of educators’ level of self-control in any sphere of education as well as to timely arrange necessary conditions for increasing educators’ productivity.
Keywords: educator, psychological resilience, professional socialization, training complex, education institutions
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

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Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q2.

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Medicine

#43-med Whole genome analysis of primary open-angle glaucoma associations with polymorphic loci of the LOXL1 gene

Abstract: Under modern conditions, primary open-angle glaucoma continues to occupy a leading place in the structure of visual disabilities, despite the success in early diagnosis, a wide range of conservative and surgical methods of treatment. The etiology of glaucoma has not been fully studied, because a multifactorial concept with the involvement of various [...] Load More genetic and non-genetic factors prevails in explanation of its origin and development. Therefore, the selection of polymorphic loci to find associations with the studied phenotype is important for a genetic and epidemiological survey. The purpose of this research was a whole genome analysis and substantiation of associations of primary open-angle glaucoma with polymorphic loci localized in the region 15q24.1. The 246 men with a clinical diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma made up an experimental sample of observations, 176 of which formed a control group. The control sample of the observed men has been formed on the principle of nationality homogeneity and lack of any kindred relationships among men. With the use of the phenol-chloroform extraction method, the genomic DNA has been isolated based on the generated panel of peripheral blood samples of the observed men. A sample of seven polymorphic gene loci was formed, whose reaction with the level of expression previously proven in other studies. For the purpose of the genotype comparative analysis of each of the observed patients on the basis of the method of the polymerase chain reaction of DNA synthesis, genotyping of the investigated polymorphic loci has been performed. Determination of the regulatory potential of polymorphisms using contingency tables with the phenotype under investigation has been performed on the platform of the HaploReg software package. The analysis and evaluation of the association in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg law of genetic equilibrium have been performed using Pearson's chi-squared test. The method of multivariate logistic regression analysis was used in the framework of this research to study the relationship of reference and alternative alleles to the change in regulatory DNA motifs of recipients. The reflective research has confirmed the proactive value of polymorphic loci of the LOXL1 gene (GG rs893818 and GG rs4886776) in the development of primary open-angle glaucoma among men. The results of this research are valuable for understanding the specificity of particular genes in the development of visual defects across various ethno-territorial population groups and environmental conditions. Keywords: genotype, primary open-angle glaucoma, polymorphic loci, expression, whole genome analysis, LOXL1 gene.
Keywords: genotype, primary open-angle glaucoma, polymorphic loci, expression, whole genome analysis, LOXL1 gene.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 30 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded) IF 3.5.

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#39-med Effect assessment of monocyte subpopulations on the immunopotentiating and tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells generated by them

Abstract: Dendritic cells perform important immunoregulatory functions while being easily generated from a population of peripheral blood monocytes. The lack of research in the field of monocyte effect in the context of monocyte subpopulations on the properties of the dendritic cells generated by them determines the relevance of the research. The purpose of this [...] Load More paper is to assess the effect of monocyte subpopulations on the immunopotentiating and tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells. The basis of the study was the data concerning the functional activity indices of dendritic cells generated by CD16- and CD16+ (CD16-Mo-DK and CD16+Mo-DK, respectively) monocytes of 39 healthy donors. The dendritic cell reaction was studied under standard conditions and experimental conditions by adding dexamethasone to dendritic cell culture. The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test and correlation analysis in Statistica 6.0 software package have been used for statistical data processing. The statistical significance of differences in the level of immunopotentiating and tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells has been assessed using the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test. The strength of the relationship between the stimulant activity of T cells and the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production has been assessed by the Spearman's rank correlation. According to the results of the assessment for standard conditions, it was found that for the CD16+Mo-DK population the endocytosis has a lower level compared with CD16-Mo-DK but is more elastic under the effect of dexamethasone. The assessment of the proliferative response has demonstrated that dendritic cells have a stimulating effect on the proliferation of T cells. At the same time, CD16+Mo-DK has a higher ability to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. Differences in the response level of autologous T cells are not statistically significant. The dendritic cells under study are equally capable of producing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. Based on the results of the experiment, the character of the dexamethasone effect on the investigated characteristics of immunopotentiating and tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells was determined, which is stimulating for the ability of endocytosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine and, at the same time, discouraging for the power of proliferative response and production of pro-inflammatory cytokine. The results of the correlation analysis made it possible to determine the feedback between the stimulant activity of T cells and the production of cytokine. The exception is the direct relationship between the activity of CD16-Mo-DK and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine. The findings of the research have been confirmed by statistical indicators and present the basis for using regularities of monocytes' effect on the properties of dendritic cells generated by them in practical immunology.
Keywords: monocytes, dendritic cells, T cells, endocytosis, proliferation, population.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 30 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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