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Biology

#12-bio Research of morphogen effect of serotonin synthesis intensity on immune system disorders of animals

Abstract: Serotonin is of crucial importance for the animal body performing the control over important physiological functions, including ovulation, insulin secretion, as well as serotonin predetermines the specific behavioral reactions. Modern science has accumulated enough experimental material on the regulatory influence of this neurotransmitter on the activity [...] Load More of immunocompetent organs. However, data on the participation of serotonin in their structural and functional development have not yet been properly considered. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the morphogen effects of serotonin synthesis intensity on thymus development and manifestations of immune system disorders among animals. The fetuses of 38 laboratory pregnant female Wistar rats and post-natal rats living under standard conditions were used as an experimental basis for the research. The object of the research was serotonin receptors encoded with the Htr1a gene as the most represented receptor in the animal body. Isoflurane inhalation anesthesia for animals was used to obtain embryonic material. The method of a polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription was used to detect and research the dynamics of the expression level of Htr1а receptors to serotonin in the thymus of the animals under study. Observation and analysis of isolated total RNA were carried out with the help of electrophoresis in agarose gel and the ChemiDoc MP System for gel imaging and documentation. With the use of the western blotting analytical method, proteins have been detected and transferred to the membrane. The quality of the process was controlled by coloring the hydrophobic nitrocellulose membrane with the Ponceau S dye. The functional activity of T-lymphocytes of rat fetal thymus has been assessed through activation by T-cell mitogen to proliferative immune response. The degree of maturity of T-lymphocytes has been analyzed by double marking with monoclonal antibodies to CD8b and CD4 antigens in fetuses and mature mice. The effect of serotonin on T-lymphocytes and the effect of ConA mitogen on the expression of Htr1a mRNA receptors in the thymus have been analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction method. Analytical processing of the laboratory assessment data was performed using the Statistica 7.0 software product. The assessment of the statistical significance of differences between indicator sets was implemented based on the Mann-Whitney U test. The results of the study will be useful to find the possibility of correction of immune system disorders using serotonin receptor agonists and antagonists that change the mediator level in various organs, including the brain.
Keywords: mice, serotonin, synthesis, thymus, Htr1a gene, receptors, immune system.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 30 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Veterinary.

Indexing of the journal:Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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Agriculture

#11-bio Enhancement of approaches to assessing the reproductive performance of the orchid population and conditions for seed regeneration of their species

Abstract: The downward trend of the orchid population due to its narrow ecological amplitude, mycotrophy, ontogenesis features, endemism, and entomophily has led to the fact that, at present, a significant part of the orchid family is a rare and endangered species. The population is also negatively affected by the problematic aspects of reproductive biology due [...] Load More to the fact that for some species, an approach to the calculation of seed production has not been developed due to the complexity of calculating the tremendous number of dust-like seeds contained in one seed case. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the reproductive performance of Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. cruenta and the conditions of seed regeneration of the species. The sampling was based on the representatives of the species living in the area of the Vychegda-Mezen Plain and the Northern Urals, for which morphometric features have been determined. The differences in features have been estimated using the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test depending on the nature of data distribution. The ToupView software has been used to record the results of the observation carried out between 2000 and 2019, which makes it possible to measure the parameters under investigation with high accuracy. In the result of observations, a sample of 11.5 thousand seeds from seed cases was formed, which was used to determine the quality of seeds. The seed cases were collected from different plants within the same population. With regard to findings of the study, a methodology of the true census of seeds with the use of ImageJ 1.5 software package in automatic mode with manual correction has been proposed. According to the methodology, the numbers of seeds in the seed cases of coenopopulations under investigations and productivity indicators, such as the potential conditional seed production, real conditional seed production, real seed production, and seed yield, have been calculated. According to the assessment results, it was determined that the maximum proportion of juvenile individuals of the species is fixed at the maximum amounts of effective temperatures (>10°C). This study contributes to the development of applied aspects of reproductive biology through the possibility of calculating the seed production indicator of Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. cruenta on the basis of the developed methodology as a preventive tool in the prevention of population depletion of orchids and the determination of conditions for seed regeneration of the species.
Keywords: orchid, reproductive performance, seed regeneration, seed production, population, seeds.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q3).

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Biology

#10-bio Assessing the probability of ragweed naturalization depending on the environmental and geographical conditions of the area

Abstract: The ragweed, due to its high level of allergenicity, is a dangerous plant for human health, as well as it is harmful to agriculture, which necessitates a constant fight against it. Climatic changes create new conditions for naturalization and renaturalization of ragweed, and therefore, there is a need for permanent monitoring of environmental and geographical [...] Load More conditions of this species. The purpose of the article is to assess the probability of the territorial spreading of self-sustaining ragweed populations in the northern direction. Based on the research results, the criteria have been determined, and the approach to the assessment of the ragweed naturalization probability has been developed. Such criteria are the density of invasion, pollen grain index, anthropogenic infrastructure, and geographical latitude of the area under investigation. The list of criteria and their point assessments have been determined based on aero-palynological observations, GBIF data, and taking into account environmental and geographical features of the northern region. Based on the point assessments of the criteria, the integral indicator of the ragweed naturalization probability has been calculated, which presents an additive model with an equal relative importance of specific indicators corresponding to the criteria values. The use of the scoring method in the criteria assessment made it possible to obtain a quantitative evaluation of qualitative indicators and to standardize the criteria values that mean to bring them into a comparable form, due to which it became possible to calculate the integrated indicator. All specific indicators of the integral model demonstrate a stimulating effect on the ragweed spread, and consequently, the increase in the integrated indicator is interpreted as an increase in the probability of naturalization. The model testing to estimate the probability of ragweed naturalization in the northern regions has been implemented, using the example of Canada. The results obtained from the model demonstrated the highest expectation of ragweed spreading on the territory of Winnipeg, Nominingue, Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, and Rimouski, which is confirmed by actual observations. Correspondence of the results obtained from the model with the actual ones demonstrates the adequacy of the model built and the possibility of its application for forecasting the ragweed spreading in the northern regions. As a result of the environmental and geographical analysis of the northern regions, the minimum sum of active temperatures corresponding to the temperature limit of ragweed spreading has been determined. The proposed assessment model of the ragweed naturalization and the results obtained with its practical testing are the basis for the development of appropriate operational procedures to control the weed based on predicted geographical boundaries of its spreading.
Keywords: ragweed, naturalization, renaturalization, integral assessment, aero-palynological observations.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: South America.

Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2).

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Medicine

#5-med Enhancing diagnostics of immunogenic mismatch in the process of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract: Transplantation of hematopoiesis precursor cells is a rapidly developing technology and a key to the treatment of hematologic malignancies and other hematological diseases. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is still a complicated procedure. The reason is that the genes encoding the main histocompatibility complex (MHC) are highly polymorphic, [...] Load More and compatibility of donor and recipient by MHC alleles is critical for alloreactivity against malignant clones. However, often in the course of the post-transplantation immune response, healthy tissues of the patient are also affected. Both of these effects have the same nature and depend on the compatibility of the donor and recipient using the main histocompatibility complex. The purpose of this research was to develop a methodological approach to determine the risk of genotyping of polymorphisms and the probability of predicting immunogenic mismatch in the process of HSC transplantation (HSCT). For the statistical analysis, two samples have been formed of potential donors of HSC register and recipients and donors of HSC, who, after filtration, did not have a genotyped pair (365 persons), and donor-recipient pairs (79 persons), for which the allele frequencies have been calculated. With the use of the Fischer's Exact test, the statistical significance of interrelationships between the variable characterizing the allele frequencies of minor lymphocyte stimulatory genes for the population and the allele frequencies corresponding to the five superpopulations from the 1000 Genomes Project has been assessed: European, American, East Asian, African, and South Asian. The Monte Carlo method has been used to calculate the immunogenicity coefficient (the probability that in a donor-recipient pair from the same population, a recipient has at least one immunogenic allele, and the donor must be homozygous for the non-immunogenic allele). In the use of the Monte Carlo method, 100 thousand simulations of related and unrelated allo-HSCT have been performed. Thus, the Monte Carlo method made it possible to calculate the immunogenicity coefficient as the probabilistic characteristic of the process under study based on the generated random values described by the mathematical model. For the implementation of the method, a program has been written using RStudio 1.0.143 software and R 3.5.1 programming language. Fisher's criterion and the Student's t-test were used for the comparison of the number of immunogenic mismatches in real donor and recipient pairs. The results obtained have an applied character and will be useful for the formation of registers of bone marrow donors, as well as for the determination of targets in the immunosuppressive therapy and cell-based therapy.
Keywords: hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells, transplantation, histocompatibility, alloreactivity, donor, recipient.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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Sociology

#8-soc Manifestations of youth social dependency in conditions of different levels of social welfare

Abstract: Permanent transformational processes provoked by fundamental changes in the situation of all social groups in modern society, and especially of young people, are responsible for significant difficulties in the process of life self-determination. The essence of this problem consists in the contradiction between the urgent need of young people to choose [...] Load More a status role and to acquire sustainable social positions. The social development of society as a whole depends on the status of young people and their image. Therefore, it is particularly important in this aspect to understand and define the current problems of modern youth. The purpose of this study was to systematize the problems of young people's social life, depending on the conditions of social welfare. With the help of the inductive generalization method, comparative characterization of qualitative social and economic conditions and social welfare of youth on the example of China, Russia, and Great Britain, as countries with different levels of development, has been implemented. With the use of the statistical data binning method, the main gender and age characteristics of the population and its structure in the countries under study for the period 1990-2019, depending on the type of social policy of the state, have been identified. The phenomenon of dependency as the main stereotype of youth behavior has been substantiated as a result of the modern social policy of general welfare. By conducting a sociological questionnaire of young people, the main problems of social character in each of the countries under study in the current conditions of the policy of general welfare have been identified. With the help of the expert evaluation method, the commonality of the phenomenon of social dependency inherent to young people in Russia, Great Britain, and China has been determined. At the same time, the fact of the existence of social dependency of young people is considered to be a negative consequence of the social policy of the state. As a rule, it is associated with poverty and is reduced to unilateral granting of social benefits by the state. The heterogeneous forms of its manifestation in the life of young people and the reasons for its emergence and popularization depending on the level of social welfare of young people have been revealed and argued. Different scales of its spreading, as well as content diversity of social dependency manifestation among young people as a separate social group have been determined. The positive and negative aspects of methods of the state social policy in the fighting against the phenomenon of dependency among young people in China, Great Britain, and Russia have been analyzed. The comparative characterization of the effectiveness of social policies in the countries under study has been conducted. The possibility of implementing best practices has been considered as well. The results of the study may be useful for the government sector in developing the mainstream of the government's social policy to work with such a socio-demographic group as young people.
Keywords: young people, social welfare policy, phenomenon of dependency, state, socio-demographic group.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 30 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q1-2; WoS (Emerging Sources Citation Index).

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Biology

#1-med Peculiarities of the physiological activity of obestatin in the body's vital activity

Abstract: The problem of metabolic syndrome in the modern world has turned into a global epidemic, affecting millions of people. It poses a threat to public health due to the risk of related diseases and pathologies. At the same time, the issue of finding effective treatment methods, especially obesity, remains open. The purpose of this research was to substantiate [...] Load More the biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of obestatin action for the body's vital activity in the norm and pathology. The basis for identifying the peculiarities was the research that demonstrated the pathogenetic connection and frequent combination of food behavior disorders, essential hypertension, insulin resistance, and lipid metabolism disorders caused by the pathology of the ghrelin-obestatin system. The article analyzes various causes and features of gastrointestinal diseases (diseases of the GI tract). The factors of eating disorder and modern methods of its regulation through endogenous regulators of appetite and body weight have been summarized. Through the inductive generalization method, the peculiarities of ghrelin and obestatin ratio in pathological obesity and among healthy people have been argued. The characteristics of the physiological activity of food hormones in adipogenesis have been generalized. It has been substantiated that obestatin is, as well as ghrelin, regulating hormone in adipocyte metabolism and the transition of pre-adipocytes to adipocytes. Besides, it determines the activity of adipogenesis to a greater degree. This fact suggests that the correct regulation of the obestatin level can accelerate the process of correction of pathologies of the GI tract. Through a literature review, the interaction between body mass index, blood glucose, insulin, and leptin levels and the content of obestatin in the blood has been assessed. The role of obestatin in nutrition regulation has been substantiated. The research also revealed the peculiarities of anorexigenic effects of obestatin, which primarily imply the central action mechanisms, based on the analysis of the modern scientific literature. Its ability to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was also considered, which made it possible to conclude about the ambiguity of the passage mechanisms. Based on the above study, it has been revealed that the data on the central effects of obestatin in the norm and pathology, as well as the assessment of its possible application in clinical practice, are very fragmentary and contradictory. The revealed problems can serve as a basis for the determination of promising scientific research in the field of hormone therapy of cardiometabolic syndrome.
Keywords: cardiometabolic syndrome, obestatin, gastrointestinal tract, pathology, ghrelin, food behavior.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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Economics

#01-ec Subadditivity of costs as a criterion for evaluating natural monopolistic properties of transport networks

Abstract: The transport system, as an element of infrastructure, plays an important role in ensuring the economic development of the country and the region, determining the investment attractiveness, and the development potential of the production and service sectors. The efficiency of transport networks functioning is largely determined by the subadditivity [...] Load More of costs formed as a result of economy of scale and economy of structure, which reflect the natural monopoly properties of networks. The aim of the article is to develop an approach to identifying natural monopoly properties of transport networks and assess the efficiency of their functioning. The results of the study allowed setting forward an approach to the analysis of natural monopoly properties of transport networks through the indicator of subadditivity of costs. The implementation of the approach implies the construction of a model for identifying natural monopoly properties of transport networks using direct (aimed at assessment of subadditivity under the condition of prohibition of diversification of the investigated industry) and indirect (aimed at assessment of economy of structure, which is a necessary but not sufficient condition for manifestation of monopolistic properties) cost subadditivity test. The determinants of the model, presented as a square function of costs, are indicators of economy of scale, economy of structure, the average and marginal costs. Estimates of economy of structure and nonlinear upward function of dependence of production costs elasticity on the volumes of investments built for multiproduct transport networks were used to determine the areas of overload of transport networks, for which the subadditive effect is leveled as a result of nonlinear nature of cost growth with the growth of demand for products. An optimization imitation model of transport network development was built, which allowed, using search algorithms, identifying duplicative and bypass sections necessary for avoiding overload and improve the efficiency of transport network operation. The index of net present income served as the criterion of efficiency maximization with its growth testifying to their economic efficiency based on the optimization results. 625 points served as the statistical base for the research: data on demand and costs for cargo and passenger transportation, processed using EViews, Mathcard and Excel. The results obtained in the research can serve as a basis for developing a strategy for developing transport networks at the regional level, and the proposed methodological approach can become a tool for identifying, evaluating and maximizing the efficiency of their functioning.
Keywords: natural monopoly, transport network, subadditivity, economy of scale, economy of structure, costs.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 30 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Multidisciplinary.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q1.

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#2-ec Polymodel complex of evaluating the expediency of attracting credit resources by a production enterprise

Abstract: Ensuring the efficiency of credit resources management of the enterprise on the basis of optimization of the volume of their attraction is highly relevant, as the unjustified attraction of credit resources leads to an increase in financial costs and a decrease in the level of financial capacity; failure to use credit resources in turn reduces the production [...] Load More and financial potential of the enterprise. The purpose of this research is to develop a decision-making tool based on an assessment of the expediency of attracting credit resources. The paper builds a set of deterministic models of credit resources management used to finance the inventory of the production enterprise, taking into account the risk; dynamic models of credit resources management and management of production and financial activities of the enterprise. The proposed model of credit management is an optimization model that reflects the pattern of decision-making on the expediency and the necessary volumes of credit, based on the availability of working capital, inventories, production potential, and creditworthiness of the enterprise, market conditions, which determines the demand for products, the cost of credit and inflation. The target parameter of the optimization model is the maximization of marginal income from manufactured products, which, taking into account the risk factor, is transformed into a two-criterion indicator: the maximization of mathematical expectation of marginal income and minimize the risk of profitability of the production program. The construction of dynamic models is based on the assumption of continuity of the credit attraction intensity functions, the supply of material resources, and the production throughout the planning horizon. The combination of optimization and dynamic models allowed us to build an analytical tool for managing credit resources, which, in turn, allows deciding on the expediency of attracting credit resources. This decision maximizes the marginal income taking into account the dynamics of the studied parameters. The polymodel complex was tested on the example of Robert Bosch AG. The directions of optimization of production potential and production program were proposed, the expediency of attracting credit resources was estimated, which allowed maximizing the gross profit of the company taking into account the market demand for products. MS Excel program helped making calculations. Received results have applied character and can be used at definition of strategy of management of material resources of the enterprise on the basis of optimization of volumes and structure of sources of financing in the conditions of risk connected with probabilistic character of reception of income at economic uncertainty on meso- and macrolevel.
Keywords: credit resources, material resources, margin income, risk, demand
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Multidisciplinary.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q1.

 

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Computer and Information Sciences

#3-edu Information and simulation model for evaluation of cloud server workload in the process of planning scientific activities at the university

Abstract: The development of distance education is recognized as one of the key areas of educational programs in the world. It implies a wide introduction of progressive information technologies into the educational process. The most efficient virtual space of a higher education institution is cloud technology, which is a promising area for providing distance [...] Load More learning in universities. As the systems are being operated, the requirements to technical means are constantly increasing, which is related to the need to build up the knowledge data bases as components of a training system. Knowledge data bases themselves require qualified maintenance and continuous testing of the load in order to ensure a high-quality educational process in case of a large number of users. The purpose of this study was to develop an information and simulation model for diagnosing the cloud service workload within the university educational process. The object of the study was cloud ERP-hosting, implemented in the educational process to conduct seminars (Corporate Information Systems and Information Management Systems) for 4-year IT students. Structural and functional modeling was used to substantiate the algorithm and system of parameters for planning the educational process and computer class equipment for the use of ERP, CPM and CRM software servers. The paper establishes main conditions and limitations of the educational process for students with the use of information systems based on differences in time parameters of individual characteristics of students, the performance of the ERP server, the number of students using the software service simultaneously during the execution of tasks, the speed of the server, and the use of resources only server systems of different vendors. AnyLogic 7 software has been used to develop an information and simulation model of assessment and diagnostics of cloud service workload in the course of practical classes for the specified academic disciplines. Two pedagogical experiments were carried out to test the use of the developed mathematical model of ERP-system workload from different vendors in the process of training students in the cloud service. The results obtained in this study have practical value and can be useful in planning the educational process in higher education system not only for distance learning, but also for training IT students.
Keywords: cloud server, learning process, university, workload, students, planning
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Emerging Sources Citation Index).

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Business

#4-ec Dynamic model of diagnosing innovation ecosystem development parameters

Abstract: Innovative ecosystem is one of the tools to create conditions for achieving competitive positions that reduces vulnerability to possible factors of market instability. At the same time, the need for efficient measures to develop digital ecosystems implies not only an understanding of their qualitative content, but also an accurate quantitative assessment. [...] Load More The aim of this study is to develop a dynamic model to diagnose the development parameters of an innovation ecosystem. Factors of synergetic effect of mergers and acquisitions in the entrepreneurial structures and in the biological system were substantiated and systematized. Using the generalization method, motivational drivers for mergers and acquisitions were identified, while the synectic method provided a rationale for the analogies of behavior of subjects in ecosystems in role positions pf "predator" and "victim". The consequences of mergers and acquisitions in biological and economic systems are argumentative. The components of the innovation ecosystem as a dynamic system have been determined and the qualitative characteristics of linear dependencies between them under conditions of the equilibrium state of the ecosystem have been substantiated using a linear function. The Lotka-Volterra equations served as a tool to describe the behavior of two business units from the point of view of the predator-victim roles. The parameters of this predictive model are the components that ensure the dynamic state of the innovation ecosystem. In order to describe the process of acquisition and merger in the business environment, large business enterprises were defined as "predators", while small business enterprises were defined as "victims". The correlation analysis determined the inversely proportional and volatile nature of the relationship between the dynamic series of newly established business units and the number of bankrupt businesses. Different numerical values of the parameters of the innovation ecosystem functioning have been modeled characterizing different modifications of its state (equilibrium, gradual decline, complete extinction, and exponential growth). The study also determined parameters for modeling exponential growth of the ecosystem. The results are confirmed by the model adequacy indicators, which prove their reliability. The results of this study may be useful for diagnostics and management of the innovation ecosystem in order to ensure its sustainable growth by both business and government authorities.
Keywords: innovation, ecosystem, dynamic system, merger, acquisition, synergistic effect
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Multidisciplinary.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q1.

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