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Medicine

#30-med The assessment model of gene expression of early and delayed responses in the process of adaptation of muscle cells to aerobic physical activity

Abstract: Physical activity leads to changes in gene expression, which promotes the development of metabolic activity and functional capacities of skeletal muscles, improving the functional state of the body. Despite the awareness of the importance of physical activity in the development of the organism, there is no complete analytical description of the impact [...] Load More of physical activity on the processes of genetic regulation in muscle cells in the scientific literature. The purpose of this paper was to build a model and determine parameters influencing gene expression of early and delayed responses in the process of adaptation of muscle cells to physical activity. As a result of the research, a model of Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway has been built. This pathway leads to gene expression of early and delayed responses in the process of adaptation of muscle cells to physical activity. The model represents a system of ordinary differential equations, for the construction of which mechanisms of mono- and bimolecular reactions and generalized Hill's functions have been used. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the effect of changes in model parameters on changes in mRNA gene concentrations. For the modeling, the BioUML software package was used with the help of which the system of differential equations has been solved (by VODE method), and the sensitivity of the developed model to changes in the rates of Ca2+-dependent signal transmission reactions and transcription regulation processes (local search algorithm) has been assessed. The model was tested using the RNA-sequencing method based on the evaluation of changes in gene expression between working and non-working skeletal muscle of seven men participating in the experiment, the matter of which was to measure the transcriptomic response in the human muscle to aerobic physical activities. The results of the simulation have demonstrated that the mRNA concentration of early response genes depends on the parameters that characterize the reaction of activation of Ca2+-dependent signaling pathway and the processes of genetic regulation, which is confirmed by the highest sensitivity indicators. The concentration of mRNA of delayed response genes is sensitive to the constitutive rate of expression and the rate of mRNA degradation. The built model serves as a diagnostic tool for taking into account the activating mechanism of aerobic physical activity impact on muscle cell gene expression.
Keywords: expression, genes, aerobic physical activities, muscle cells, adaptation, transcriptional response.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 30 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded) IF 3.5.

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#28-med Improvement of differential diagnostics of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma

Abstract: Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a malignant tumor that grows from the renal tubular epithelial cells. Today, sarcomatoid renal cell cancer ranks first in the mortality rate of patients and third in the prevalence rate among all urological tumors. It occupies the leading position by the level of growth among onco-urological diseases. The survival rate is directly [...] Load More proportional to the presence of metastases in human lymph nodes, which necessitates early and effective diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, clinical diagnostics of space-occupying lesion of kidneys at an early stage is still an urgent task. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of expression of a group of proteins associated with tumor progression, depending on the sarcomatoid differentiation of renal cell carcinoma. The clinical data for the study were the archive panel of the incisional biopsy material of 49 patients of the average age category of 67 years formed between 2011 and 2019. Based on a histopathological examination, the degree of malignancy of sarcomatoid transformation in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, according to ISUP classification 2018, has been assessed and analyzed. The assessment has been performed by determining the percentage ratio of sarcomatoid cells to the total number of mutant pathological cells. With the use of the international TNM system, four neoplasm classes have been formed depending on the level of sarcomatous component and intervals of their variation. Four modifications of antigen expression in carcinomatous and sarcomatoid components have been substantiated for immunohistochemical reaction research and analysis. According to the results of immunohistochemical research of spindle-cell mesenchymal kidney tumors, the expression of specific markers of renal cell carcinoma in various histological modifications of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma has been systemized and analyzed. Distinguishing characters of expression for each marker in carcinoma and sarcomatoid components depending on the histological variant of sarcomatoid carcinoma have been determined by statistical data processing using electronic tables in Statistica10 software package based on the calculation of the Pearson's chi-square test and Fischer’s exact test (χ2). The results obtained will be useful for the development of algorithms to diagnose sarcomatoid carcinoma, which will improve the effectiveness of the research of urological tumors depending on their histological type.
Keywords: immunohistochemical research, sarcomatoid carcinoma, diagnostics, kidneys, tumor, expression, proteins.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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Biology

#26-bio An econometric model for determining Pacific salmon stocks off the East Coast of the Sea of Okhotsk

Abstract: Pacific salmons are objects of paramount importance for the development of the fisheries industry economy. Therefore, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of salmon fishing and correct priorities in the development of salmon management regimes for the region. The purpose of this study was to develop an econometric model of reproduction and [...] Load More the determination of target biological reference points for effective management of the base stocks of the genus Oncorhynchus Pacific salmons in the Sea of Okhotsk. The statistical data sample was based on the average annual share of spawning in each of the rivers in 1998-2008. With the use of the extrapolation method, statistical data on the number of Sockeye Salmon, Chum, Coho, Pink Salmon, and Chinook Salmon reproduction have been determined. The proportions of spawners and descendants for each Pacific salmon species separately and each major spawning river of the region under investigation have been determined and analyzed. Changes in the structure of river salmon fishing and the efficiency of the passage at different fishing regimes have been analyzed. The percentage of spawners and descendants of Pacific salmon by rivers has been analyzed, and temporary clusters have been formed for the reproduction level and each type of salmon species under investigation. For each cluster, a resonance model of recruitment dependence on parental stock for Sockeye, Chum, Coho, and Pink Salmon has been built. Based on the models built, the boundary (the level of spawner stock, below which the relative index of the fish stock survival rate begins to decrease) and target (the range between the fish passage rate, which provides the maximum sustainable yield, and its upper-bound estimate in view of the uncertainty) biological reference points for spawner passages have been determined. Quantitative levels of target reference points of the recruitment and stock have been determined using the optimization task in the Solver Add-in module in the Excel program. The obtained results have applicable nature and can be used by state fishery authorities for the revision of salmon fishing check indicators. These results can also be used as a basis for the revision of the salmon fishing concept, determination of change in management priorities, and development of salmon resource management regimes.
Keywords: salmon fishing, the Sea of Okhotsk, Pacific salmon, spawning, fish stock, fish passage capacity.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus Q3.

Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

 

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#23-bio Assessment of variation limits in dentition morphological structure of red-backed voles, Myodes rutilus

Abstract: Interest in the research of the anatomy of red-backed voles is due to their biocoenotic and economic importance as well as to their different living conditions, which can potentially affect their morphological structure. The purpose of this paper was to determine the variation range in the chewing surface pattern of red-backed voles, Myodes rutilus, [...] Load More based on the variability limits in the number of the tooth protruding and entrant angles. As a statistical base for the research, patterns of the chewing surface have been used. On this basis, quantitative data on the variability range of the first lower and the third maxillary molars of 1693 skulls of red-backed voles, collected between 1967 and 2002, have been obtained. The type selection of the teeth under study (the first lower and the third maxillary) is due to the highest structural variation of their chewing surface. Statistical data processing has been performed by the spectral method, according to which the theoretical and real variations in the structure of the chewing surface pattern of molars of red-backed voles, as well as the most probable combinations of tooth angles have been calculated. The analysis has been performed generally on the example of Myodes rutilus. The theoretical variation of the structure has been calculated based on the variability limits in the number of protruding and entrant angles of molars obtained as a result of the theoretical generalization of the scientific literature. The actual spectrum has been calculated based on the results of observations on the basis of the Myodes rutilu sample. The results of the analysis have demonstrated that there are no significant differences between the variation range in the number of the tooth protruding and entrant angles of the Myodes rutilus living on the mainland and island parts. For Myodes rutilus, there are no morphological changes as the result of different living conditions, which can affect the pattern of chewing surface, despite the fact that the effect of these differences is increased by the high rate of evolution, which has this genus, and genetic isolation due to geographical features. The proposed approach can be adapted and used to assess the variation of the chewing surface pattern of other rodents, and the obtained applied results extend the existing research in biology and ecology.
Keywords: Myodes rutilus, morphology, variation, chewing surface, molars, teeth.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Biology, Veterinary.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-3); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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#20-bio Biomass features research of Karyorelictea class infusoria in the interstitial fauna of the White Sea

Abstract: Marine interstitial fauna is one of the main links in energy transfer by trophic levels in ecosystems, an indicator of biological cleanliness of water in reservoirs, and a vital source of feed for many-celled animals. The leading position in the marine psammon belongs to infusoria. Numerous studies related to infusoria have been conducted. As a result, [...] Load More it turned out that the psammophilous fauna of the infusoria has a significant level of species composition commonality, but there is considerable diversity of species in the fauna of each reservoir, typical only for it. The purpose of this study was to determine the peculiarities of functioning of the Karyorelictea class infusoria in the interstitial fauna of the White Sea. The interval period of observation was six years: from May to September in 2009-2011, 2013, 2018, and 2019 on the sand littoral of the Gryazniy Bay of the White Sea. A laboratory panel of 15 random samples of infusoria from three areas of the sea psammon at a distance of 1-10 m from each other was formed using the integrated sample accounting method. With the use of integral samples, the horizontal distribution of infusoria has been analyzed by quantitative accounting on a three-dimensional scale having macro-, micro-, and meso levels. Vertical penetration of infusoria at a depth of 0-3 m of marine literal has been studied. The identity of food objects and the food spectrum of infusoria have been determined through observations of digestive vacuoles. In laboratory conditions, using a stereomicroscope and the FOV method, the biomass of infusoria has been calculated, and their identification has been carried out based on the morphological characteristics of microbenthos. The following parametric characteristics of marine psammophilous fauna as a habitat for infusoria have been mechanically investigated: surface temperature regime, salinity and acidity level of free and ground-water, an oxidation-reduction potential of water, the mechanical composition of marine psammon, and presence of organic substances in it. Homogeneous groups of infusoria have been determined by the clustering method. The following criteria were used for the protist classification: variety, time distribution, spatial distribution, density function, food spectra, etc. Common criteria have been determined by defining the Dice Coefficient. The results obtained deepen understanding of infusoria culture and ecology of marine benthos communities functioning as well as contribute to the formation and development of a common concept of the ciliate population biodiversity.
Keywords: Karyorelictea infusorias, the White Sea, interstitial fauna, marine psammon, microbenthos, biomass.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2-3).

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#17-bio Molecular genetics diagnostics of intraspecific differentiation of red-cheeked ground and spotted sousliks

Abstract: In recent decades, animal hybridization has been one of the central fundamental problems of evolutionary biology and zoology. The development of this area of science is associated with the practical use of the metapopulation approach to the analysis of population structure with the wide use of molecular genetics methods for research of sympatric speciations [...] Load More of animals. It makes it possible to solve not only fundamental biological problems but also significant applied problems of species conservation and biological diversity of populations. The purpose of this research was to determine intraspecific differentiation, modifications of genotypic diversity, and mammal population structure taking into account the dynamics of heterogeneous spatio-temporal distribution of the animal population in conditions of the highly fragmented environment using the example of a burrowing rodent. The object of research was the sympatry of the red-cheeked ground and spotted sousliks. The sampling size of the research was 217 individuals of both species from 10 contact settlements. The research sample of rodents was formed during the field work for the period of 2017-2019. The comparative analysis of genomes of mitochondria and nuclear DNA of animals has been performed through molecular genetics diagnostics. For the purpose of systematization of species belonging of caught and marked specimens of marmots and determination of modifications of animal hybridization, five kinds of molecular markers were used in the research: D-loop, Hoxb5, p53, ZfX, and SmcY. The method of bioacoustic monitoring of frequency and interval indicators of warning calls of the red-cheeked ground and spotted sousliks and of their natural hybrid varieties was used for analysis and revealing of parent species characters in hybrid populations. Based on the method of discriminant analysis of the set of quantitative indicators of warning calls and parameters of the calls of both investigated species of marmots and their hybrids, the genetic character of inheritance of acoustic features of parental species in interspecies hybrids of the burrowing rodent has been determined. Based on the results of discriminant analysis, generations of hybrid individuals of the red-cheeked ground and spotted sousliks were systematized by age groups. Differences in the inheritance of features of parent populations in investigated hybrid individuals have been revealed. The results obtained are of practical importance for the development of the theory of evolutionary biology. They will be useful for a better understanding of the mechanism of natural interspecific hybridization of sousliks. The results obtained can be used in planning and organizing conservation activities for this species in the territorial subjects of the region.
Keywords: population, souslik, hybrids, molecular genetics diagnostics, species belonging, acoustic features, molecular marker.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Biology, Zoology.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2-3).

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Architecture

#16-archi Improvement in classification aspects of urban landscapes

Abstract: In the conditions of violation of the optimal balance of artificial and natural components of the urban environment due to various types of human activity, the need to harmonize the urban space is determined. One of the harmonization methods is architectural and landscape reconstruction of urban areas, which involves a targeted increase in their natural [...] Load More potential through structural reorganization. The purpose of this study was to improve the spatial and typological structure of anthropogenic landscapes. The ambiguities of approaches in the formulation of the content of the urban landscape concept and synonymization with the definition of the «residential landscape» have been revealed. With the use of the morphological method of cognition and content analysis, the essential content of the urban landscape has been clarified, taking into account the determination of structural elements and functional purpose of landscape areas, features of the transformation of vertical and horizontal structure of natural territorial complexes, and historical factors of landscape architecture development. Based on the literature review, the ambiguity of typologization of landscape areas and urban landscapes has been determined. The primary qualitative and quantitative taxonomic units of urban landscape classification have been identified using the deductive method of generalization. A multi-stage typological in-depth identification of urban landscapes has been developed and argued based on the clarification of the functional dependence between their types and transition from one type to another in the process of development, natural components, and boundaries of urban landscapes, landscape forming factors, and morphological structure and sustainability. The transformation of climatic parameters of water and air flows in urban landscapes, its general features, and zonal specificity have been analyzed and generalized. The advantages and prospects of using territorial zones as territories with the homogeneous genetic anthropogenic type of relief for the active development of architectural and landscape reconstruction of cities have been substantiated. The development of territorial zones, as well as effective management of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of anthropogenic impacts, will contribute to the moderate anthropogenic load on the urban landscape. The functions performed in it will correspond to its natural properties and resource potential. The results of the scientific research will be useful for a more accurate understanding and presentation of the main categories of spatio-temporal design and improvement of the theoretical foundations of landscape architecture.
Keywords: urban landscape, landscape area, territorial zone, reconstruction, anthropogenic impact, classification.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Engineering/Environmental Science.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Social Sciences Citation Index).

 

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Biology

#15-bio Diachronic analysis of existing achievements in mammal embryogenesis modeling

Abstract: Infertility and xenotransplantation of organs, reservation of mammalian genetic resources and preservation of endangered species, production of pharmaceutical drugs, and many other problems of global nature are solved by practical implementation of assisted cellular reproductive technologies. Besides, mammal species characteristics considerably predetermine [...] Load More the methodology of biotechnology research. The purpose of this research was to identify conceptual niches for the development of scientific research on aspects of modeling mammalian embryogenesis (on the example of man and mouse) in terms of historical, systematic, and critical approaches. With the use of the diachronic method, the scientific knowledge about early attempts to model the transfer of mouse embryos cultivated in vitro, peculiarities of the semantic simulation of the implantation barrier overcoming, and the embryogenesis duration have been analyzed and systematized. Difficulties of modeling of reproductive technologies of human embryo cultivation, taking into account historical development, have been synthesized. On the basis of the axiomatic method, based on well-known conceptual theories, the main contradictions and intersecting aspects of scientific provisions in the evolution of research of external mechanical and internal regulators for determining embryogenesis stages have been argued. The system approach was applied to the assessment of the existing achievements in the field of modeling the correspondence of embryonic mouse development from the blastocyst stage to the stage of the cylindrical embryo shape with overcoming the implantation barrier in the in vitro and in vivo technologies. The reasons for the mice embryo development discrepancy depending on the duration of stay in suboptimal culture conditions have been substantiated by the deductive generalization method. Through the use of aspect analysis, the results of scientific research on modeling the compliance of human embryogenesis to the early post-implantation stage within "in vitro" and "in vivo" systems have been summarized. The critical approach made it possible to generalize the existing problems in scientific research concerning gene expression in conditions of human and mouse embryo cultivation. Also, the method of critical analysis made it possible to identify the prospects for further scientific research in the process of modern modeling of embryo implantation and methods of mammalian embryo cultivation in two experimental technologies. The results obtained can contribute to the filling of the gaps in fundamental knowledge about the embryogenesis of mammals and research the issue at a higher technological level. The results allow new insights into previously made discoveries to be introduced and the ground for new ideas and ways to implement them to be prepared.
Keywords: embryogenesis, human, mouse, cultivation, scientific research, modeling, mammals.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Asia.

Scientific field: Biology.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q2).

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#14-bio Hydrochemical indicators of drinking water as a threat for morbidity rates for the population

Abstract: The maintenance and increase of safe drinking water supply, hygiene and sanitation, and proper water management are fundamental to human health in all countries and regions of the world. Efforts to improve the chemical composition of drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene interact with each other and actively contribute to the health and public well-being. [...] Load More Because of the topic urgency, the purpose of the study was to justify the maximum permissible limit of component mineral composition of drinking water as an impact factor on the general health status of the population. The object of research has been chosen because the population of this region uses an artesian water supply for more than 30 years. As a result, the hardness level of drinking water permanently increases in comparison with surface water sources. In the framework of this study, using the method of comparative analysis of standards of water quality hydrochemical indicators and level of pollution (specified in sanitary and epidemiological rules), the pollution level and quality of artesian water supply has been justified. Supplied water by its properties (mineralization and ionic composition) meets sanitary standards for drinking water; however, it does not fully meet the optimal physiological parameters due to the reduction of some chemical elements necessary for the body and because of the concentration level of toxic chemicals. With the use of the correlation analysis method, a direct proportion between the disease incidence among the adult population and the level of chemical elements contained in drinking water of artesian well drinking-water supply has been justified. Gradation of disease incidence levels among the adult population of the region to "high level of intensity" and "low level of intensity" depending on maximum permissible regulated norms of concentration of chemical elements in drinking water has been implemented. Quantitative standards of hydrochemical indicators of drinking water quality based on the concentration level of toxic and essential chemical elements were substantiated and recommended. The obtained research results are practical and can be used by sanitary services to improve standards of drinking water quality assessment as well as design, construction, operation of water supply systems, and provision of drinking water to the population.
Keywords: water supply, hydrochemical indicators, drinking water, health, chemical element.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Agricultural, Biological Sciences, Environmental Science, Social Sciences.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

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#13-med Features of interaction between elemental homeostasis and the level of human physical activity

Abstract: The problem of homeostasis, despite a large number of homeostatic agents, is still extremely urgent. It is difficult to overestimate the role of the self-regulating system of homeostasis in maintaining the normal functioning of such human systems as immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, etc. Regular physical activity as a stress simulation stimulates [...] Load More the adaptive response of the human body and aims to maintain homeostasis of the whole organism. The purpose of the paper was a comprehensive study of the impact of the relationship between physiological mechanisms of homeostasis and motor activity on the content of micro- and macronutrients in the human body. The qualitative characteristics between elemental homeostasis and the level of human physical activity have been analyzed using the deductive analysis method based on literature sources. It has been found that the consumption of microelements increases with increasing energy consumption. Thus, physically very active people consume more micronutrients than untrained ones. However, the revealed characteristics of the relationship are contradictory, and there is no possibility of quantitative estimates of microelement consumption. Thus, micronutrient requirements among moderately active people are unlikely to be much higher than the levels recommended for the general population. On the basis of the method of analysis and synthesis, the peculiarities of the status of micronutrients for health and functional performance among physically active people, athletes, and those who lead an inactive life, have been revealed. It has been revealed that moderate physical activity does not necessarily affect the daily consumption of microelements. Metabolic peculiarities of the human organism during the longtime physical activity, moderate motor activity, and in conditions of sedentary behavior have been generalized. The features of influencing physical activity and the general state of the human body in the process of accumulation and change of the status of essential and toxic microelements in the human body have been revealed. The main characteristics of their impact on human functional performance depending on the levels of physical activity have been analyzed. The immunological balance of priority microelements in the metabolic correction in the human body in conditions of an active lifestyle and significant physical activity has been generalized. The obtained results of this study are aimed at strengthening knowledge about elemental homeostasis and metabolic networks to offer dietary guidance on metabolism and the communicative role of different products in conditions of various levels of human physical activity.
Keywords: elemental homeostasis, physical activity, micronutrients, essential microelements, toxic microelements, metabolism.
Date of publication: September 2024 / Deadline: 29 April 2024

Journal title: available for those who has paid.

Region of the journal publication: Europe.

Scientific field: Medicine, Biology.

Indexing of the journal: Scopus (Q1-2); WoS (Science Citation Index Expanded).

 

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